
Ackoff (1973) "Science in the Systems Age: beyond IE, OR and MS." in: Operations Research Vol 21, pp. 664.
1970s
Source: Systems Thinking: Creative Holism for Managers (2003), p. 4
Ackoff (1973) "Science in the Systems Age: beyond IE, OR and MS." in: Operations Research Vol 21, pp. 664.
1970s
“A system is more than the sum of its parts; it is an indivisible whole.”
It loses its essential properties when it is taken apart. The elements of a system may themselves be systems, and every system may be part of a larger system.
Ackoff (1973) "Science in the Systems Age: beyond IE, OR and MS." in: Operations Research Vol 21, pp. 664.
1970s
Source: The Functions of the Executive (1938), p. 98-99, footnote
“A system is more than the sum of its parts.”
Source: Sociology and modern systems theory (1967), p. 42.
Lean Logic, (2016), p. 194, entry on Holism http://www.flemingpolicycentre.org.uk/lean-logic-surviving-the-future/
Source: Systems Thinking: Creative Holism for Managers (2003), p. 3-4
Source: In Defense of Chaos: The Chaology of Politics, Economics and Human Action, (2013), p. 118
Cited in: Haluk Demirkan, James C. Spohrer, Vikas Krishna (2011) The Science of Service Systems. p. 274.
1970s, Towards a System of Systems Concepts, 1971