“That a system is open means, not simply that it engages in interchanges with the environment, but that this interchange is an essential factor underlying the system's viability, its reproductive ability or continuity, and its ability to change.”

—  Walter F. Buckley

Source: Sociology and modern systems theory (1967), p. 50.

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Walter F. Buckley 36
American sociologist 1922–2006

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