Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) German philosopher
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
Source: Kierkegaard’s Critique of Reason and Society (1992), pp. 39-40
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) German philosopher
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist
The Architecture of Theories (1891)
Context: The law of habit exhibits a striking contrast to all physical laws in the character of its commands. A physical law is absolute. What it requires is an exact relation. Thus, a physical force introduces into a motion a component motion to be combined with the rest by the parallelogram of forces; but the component motion must actually take place exactly as required by the law of force. On the other hand, no exact conformity is required by the mental law. Nay, exact conformity would be in downright conflict with the law; since it would instantly crystallise thought and prevent all further formation of habit. The law of mind only makes a given feeling more likely to arise. It thus resembles the "non-conservative" forces of physics, such as viscosity and the like, which are due to statistical uniformities in the chance encounters of trillions of molecules.
Hans Morgenthau book Politics Among Nations
Six Principles of Political Realism, § 5.
Politics Among Nations (1948)
Context: Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe. As it distinguishes between truth and opinion, so it distinguishes between truth and idolatry. All nations are tempted — and few have been able to resist the power for long — to clothe their own aspirations and action in the moral purposes of the universe. To know that nations are subject to the moral law is one thing, while to pretend to know with certainty what is good and evil in the relations among nations is quite another. There is a world of difference between the belief that all nations stand under the judgment of God, inscrutable to the human mind, and the blasphemous conviction that God is always on one's side and that what one wills oneself cannot fail to be willed by God also.
Jeffrey Montgomery (1953–2016) American LGBT rights activist and public relations executive
America...You Kill Me
William Greenough Thayer Shedd (1820–1894) American theologian
Source: Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), P. 267.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) German philosopher
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) German philosopher
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785)
Context: Morality is thus the relation of actions to the autonomy of the will, that is, to a possible giving of universal law through its maxims. An action that can coexist with the autonomy of the will is permitted; one that does not accord with it is forbidden. A will whose maxims necessarily harmonize with the laws of autonomy is a holy, absolutely good will. The dependence upon the principle of autonomy of a will that is not absolutely good (moral necessitation) is obligation. This, accordingly, cannot be attributed to a holy being. The objective of an action from obligation is called duty.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968) American clergyman, activist, and leader in the American Civil Rights Movement
1950s, Rediscovering Lost Values (1954)