“I distinguish two kinds of "applied" research: problem-solving research — government or commercially initiated, centrally managed and institutionally coupled to a plan for application of the results, useful science — investigator-initiated, competitively evaluated and widely communicated. Then we have basic science — useful also, also investigator-initiated, competitively evaluated and widely communicated.”

Source: Confessions of a Technophile (1994), p. 31

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Lewis M. Branscomb 13
physicist and science policy advisor 1926

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