Harold Demsetz (1930–2019) American economist
Cited in: Eggertsson (1990; 22)
"Information and Efficiency: Another Viewpoint." (1969)
Source: The Idea of Justice
Harold Demsetz (1930–2019) American economist
Cited in: Eggertsson (1990; 22)
"Information and Efficiency: Another Viewpoint." (1969)
Paul DiMaggio (1951) American sociologist
Source: Introduction to The New Institutionalism and Organizational Analysis, 1991, p. 1
Karl William Kapp (1910–1976) American economist
Source: Social Costs of Business Enterprise, 1963, p. 186 cited in: Sebastian Berger and Mathew Forstater (2007) "Toward a Political Institutionalist Economics: Kapp’s Social Costs, Lowe’s Instrumental Analysis, and the European Institutionalist Approach to Environmental Policy". In: Journal of Economic Issues. Vol.XLI, No.2, June 2007. p. 539
Lawrence Klein (1920–2013) American economist
"Keynsianism Again: Interview with Lawrence Klein", Challenge (May-June 2001)
John Rawls book A Theory of Justice
Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter II, Section 14, pg. 87-88
Context: Occasionally this reflection is offered as an excuse for ignoring injustice, as if the refusal to acquiesce in injustice is on a par with being unable to accept death. The natural distribution is neither just nor unjust; nor is it unjust that persons are born into society at some particular position. These are simply natural facts. What is just and unjust is the way that institutions deal with these facts.
Context: We may reject the contention that the ordering of institutions is always defective because the distribution of natural talents and the contingencies of social circumstance are unjust, and this injustice must inevitably carry over to human arrangements. Occasionally this reflection is offered as an excuse for ignoring injustice, as if the refusal to acquiesce in injustice is on a par with being unable to accept death. The natural distribution is neither just nor unjust; nor is it unjust that persons are born into society at some particular position. These are simply natural facts. What is just and unjust is the way that institutions deal with these facts. Aristocratic and caste societies are unjust because they make these contingencies the ascriptive basis for belonging to more or less enclosed and privileged social classes. The basic structure of these societies incorporates the arbitrariness found in nature. But there is no necessity for men to resign themselves to these contingencies. The social system is not an unchangeable order beyond human control but a pattern of human action. In justice as fairness men agree to avail themselves of the accidents of nature and social circumstance only when doing so is for the common benefit. The two principles are a fair way of meeting the arbitrariness of fortune; and while no doubt imperfect in other ways, the institutions which satisfy these principles are just.
John Money (1921–2006) psychologist, sexologist and author
Homosexuality: Bipotenitality, Terminology, and History