Herbert A. Simon book Administrative Behavior
Source: 1940s-1950s, Administrative Behavior, 1947, p. 43.
Letter to Carl Jung, (16 June 1948)
Context: The purely psychological interpretation only apprehends half of the matter. The other half is the revealing of the archetypal basis of the terms actually applied in modern physics. What the final method of observation must see in the production of "background physics" through the unconscious of modern man is a directing of objective toward a future description of nature that uniformly comprises physis and psyche, a form of description that at the moment we are experiencing only in a prescientific phase. To achieve such a uniform description of nature, it appears to be essential to have recourse to the archetypal background of the scientific terms and concepts.
Herbert A. Simon book Administrative Behavior
Source: 1940s-1950s, Administrative Behavior, 1947, p. 43.
Mary Midgley (1919–2018) British philosopher and ethicist
Introduction, Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature (1979).
Context: The notion that we "have a nature" far from threatening the concept of freedom, is absolutely essential to it. If we were genuinely plastic and indeterminate at birth, there could be no reason why society should not stamp us into any shape that might suit it. The reason people view suggestions about inborn tendencies with such indiscriminate horror seems to be that they think exclusively in one particular way in which the idea of such tendencies has been misused, namely, that where conservative theorists invoke them uncritically to resist reform. But liberal theorists who combat such resistance need them just as much, and indeed, usually more. The early architects of our current notion of freedom made human nature their cornerstone. Rousseau's trumpet call "Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains," makes sense only as description of our innate constitution as something positive, already determined, and conflicting with what society does to us. Kant and Mill took similar positions. And Marx, though he officially dropped the notion of human nature and attacked the term, relied on the idea as much as anybody else for his crucial notion of Dehumanization.
Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) German-American psychologist
Source: 1930s, Principles of topological psychology, 1936, p. 12-13.
Chester Barnard book The Functions of the Executive
Source: The Functions of the Executive (1938), p. vii
Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1937) Bengali polymath, physicist, biologist, botanist and archaeologist
By D.M. Bose
Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose in Vijayaprasara
C.G. Jung (1875–1961) Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology
Source: The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious (1934), p. 42-43
Context: Whereas the personal unconscious consists for the most part of "complexes", the content of the collective unconscious is made up essentially of "archetypes". The concept of the archetype, which is an indispensable correlate of the idea of the collective unconscious, indicates the existence of definite forms in the psyche which seem to be present always and everywhere. Mythological research calls them 'motifs'; in the psychology of primitives they correspond to Levy-Bruhl's concept of "representations collectives," and in the field of comparative religion they have been defined by Hubert and Mauss as 'categories of the imagination'... My thesis, then, is as follows: In addition to our immediate consciousness, which is of a thoroughly personal nature and which we believe to be the only empirical psyche (even if we tack on the personal unconscious as an appendix), there exists a second psychic system of a collective, universal, and impersonal nature which is identical in all individuals.
Ilana Mercer South African writer
“ South Africa Land Theft: Constitution All But Allows It, https://townhall.com/columnists/ilanamercer/2018/03/11/south-africa-land-theft-constitution-all-but-allows-it-n2459680” Townhall.com, March 11, 2018. <br class="br">2010s, 2018
Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) German philosopher
Source: Meaning And Necessity (1947), p. 7-8 as cited in: Erich Reck (2011) " Carnapian Explication: A Case Study and Critique http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~reck/Reck-C'ian%20Explic.%20(3rd.%20rev.).pdf"
David Aberle (1918–2004) anthropologist
David Aberle, Albert K. Cohen, A. K. Davis, Marion J. Levy Jr. and Francis X. Sutton, (1950). T"he functional prerequisites of a society." Ethics, 60(2), p. 100; cited in: Neil J. Smelser (2013), Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences. p. 189