John Locke book Two Treatises of Government
Second Treatise of Government, Ch. XVIII, sec. 199
Two Treatises of Government (1689)
The Economic Tendency of Freethought (1890)
Context: Note the difference between a right and a privilege. A right, in the abstract, is a fact; it is not a thing to be given, established, or conferred; it is. Of the exercise of a right power may deprive me; of the right itself, never. Privilege, in the abstract, does not exist; there is no such thing. Rights recognized, privilege is destroyed.
But, in the practical, the moment you admit a supreme authority, you have denied rights. Practically the supremacy has all the rights, and no matter what the human race possesses, it does so merely at the caprice of that authority.
John Locke book Two Treatises of Government
Second Treatise of Government, Ch. XVIII, sec. 199
Two Treatises of Government (1689)
Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) 3rd President of the United States of America
Letter to Justice William Johnson (1823)
1820s
Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) American politician, 23rd President of the United States (in office from 1889 to 1893)
First State of the Union Address (1889)
Charles James Fox (1749–1806) British Whig statesman
Speech in the House of Commons (19 April 1791), quoted in J. Wright (ed.), The Speeches of the Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox in the House of Commons. Volume IV (1815), p. 192.
1790s
John Marshall (1755–1835) fourth Chief Justice of the United States
17 U.S. (4 Wheaton) 316, 428
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Simone Weil (1909–1943) French philosopher, Christian mystic, and social activist
Draft for a Statement of Human Obligation (1943)
Context: There is a reality outside the world, that is to say, outside space and time, outside man's mental universe, outside any sphere whatsoever that is accessible to human faculties.
Corresponding to this reality, at the centre of the human heart, is the longing for an absolute good, a longing which is always there and is never appeased by any object in this world.
Another terrestrial manifestation of this reality lies in the absurd and insoluble contradictions which are always the terminus of human thought when it moves exclusively in this world.
Just as the reality of this world is the sole foundation of facts, so that other reality is the sole foundation of good.
That reality is the unique source of all the good that can exist in this world: that is to say, all beauty, all truth, all justice, all legitimacy, all order, and all human behaviour that is mindful of obligations.
Those minds whose attention and love are turned towards that reality are the sole intermediary through which good can descend from there and come among men.
Although it is beyond the reach of any human faculties, man has the power of turning his attention and love towards it.
Nothing can ever justify the assumption that any man, whoever he may be, has been deprived of this power.
It is a power which is only real in this world in so far as it is exercised. The sole condition for exercising it is consent.
This act of consent may be expressed, or it may not be, even tacitly; it may not be clearly conscious, although it has really taken place in the soul. Very often it is verbally expressed although it has not in fact taken place. But whether expressed or not, the one condition suffices: that it shall in fact have taken place.
To anyone who does actually consent to directing his attention and love beyond the world, towards the reality that exists outside the reach of all human faculties, it is given to succeed in doing so. In that case, sooner or later, there descends upon him a part of the good, which shines through him upon all that surrounds him.
Anthony Kennedy (1936) Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010) (Opinion of the Court).
George Mason (1725–1792) American delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention
Article 7
Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)