“The circumstances of justice may be described as the normal conditions under which human cooperation is both possible and necessary.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter III, Section 22, pg. 126

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John Rawls63

American political philosopher 1921–2002

William Ernest Hocking (1873–1966) American philosopher

Source: Present Status of the Philosophy of Law and of Rights (1926), Ch. VII, Natural Right, p. 68.

“The live-and-let-live system that emerged in the bitter trench warfare of World War I demonstrates that friendship is hardly necessary for cooperation based upon reciprocity to get started. Under suitable circumstances, cooperation can develop even between antagonists.”

Robert Axelrod The evolution of cooperation

Chap. 4 : The Live-and-Let-Live System in World War I
The Evolution of Cooperation (1984; 2006)

“That which is wrong under one circumstance, may be, and often is, right under another.”

Joseph Smith, Jr. book Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith

Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, 256 (11 April 1842)
1840s
Context: That which is wrong under one circumstance, may be, and often is, right under another. God said, 'Thou shalt not kill'; at another time He said, 'Thou shalt utterly destroy.' This is the principle on which the government of heaven is conducted— by revelation adapted to the circumstances in which the children of the kingdom are placed. Whatever God requires is right, no matter what it is, although we may not see the reason thereof till long after the events transpire.

“Marx may have erred in analyzing the nature of this conflict. Interests of workers and capitalists may not be irreconcilable under all circumstances, and workers may see the choice between capitalism and socialism differently depending upon the specific political and economic conditions under which they live.”

Adam Przeworski (1940) Polish-American academic

Adam Przeworski and Michael Wallerstein, The American Political Science Review (Jun., 1982)

“Socialism, I want to propose, is the hope for human freedom and justice under the unprecedented conditions of life that humanity will face in the twenty-first century.”

Michael Harrington (1928–1989) American political writer

Source: Socialism: Past and Future (1989), p. 1

“I deny that villany is ever necessary. It is impossible that it should ever be necessary for any reasonable creature to violate all the laws of justice, mercy, and truth. No circumstances can make it necessary for a man to burst in sunder all the ties of humanity.”

John Wesley (1703–1791) Christian theologian

Thoughts Upon Slavery (1774)
Context: I deny that villany is ever necessary. It is impossible that it should ever be necessary for any reasonable creature to violate all the laws of justice, mercy, and truth. No circumstances can make it necessary for a man to burst in sunder all the ties of humanity. It can never be necessary for a rational being to sink himself below a brute. A man can be under no necessity of degrading himself into a wolf. The absurdity of the supposition is so glaring, that one would wonder any one can help seeing it.

“The first step to be taken, is to study carefully the fundamental phenomenon above described, and to examine all the various circumstances under which it presents itself.”

Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862) French scientist

advice for studying the phenomena of electrical repulsion and attraction by [Jean-Baptiste Biot, translated by John Farrar, Elements of electricity, magnetism, and electro-magnetism, Hilliard and Metcalf, 1826, http://books.google.com/books?id=XPM4AAAAMAAJ&printsec=titlepage#PPA2,M1, 2]

“Under normal circumstances, you inviting me to the bedroom would be the highlight of my day.”

Richelle Mead book The Indigo Spell

Source: The Indigo Spell

“It is impossible to describe to the conditions under which the Jews of the ghetto are now living. Only a few will be able to hold out. The remainder will die sooner or later. Their fate is decided. In almost at all the hiding places in which thousands are concealing themselves it is not possible to light a candle for lack of air.”

Mordechai Anielewicz (1919–1943) Leader of the Jewish Combat Organization

“Widely dispersed knowledge concerning the important role of basic cooperative processes among living beings may lead to the acceptance of cooperation as a guiding principle both in social theory and as a basis for human behavior. Such a development when it occurs will alter the course of human history.”

W. C. Allee (1885–1955) American zoologist and ecologist

Cooperation among Animals with Human Implications (1951), page 213 (cited in "The Altruism Equation", by Lee Alan Dugatkin (2006), page 58).

“The circumstances of justice may be described as the normal conditions under which human cooperation is both possible and necessary.”

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John Rawls63

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