“The slight criticism of evolution I offer should not be taken as evidence that I do not believe in evolution; I do. Let's not blame God for everything. I also believe in Lamarckism, as it was put forward by Lamarck. (The Lamarckism presented in standard textbooks is actually Lysenkoism, a straw man set up by the opponents of Lamarckism, palpably false and easily disproved.) There is no paradox in that: Lamarckism and Darwinism are not mutually exclusive, except politically.”

"Sun of Helioscope", in Castle of the Otter (1982), Reprinted in Gene Wolfe, Castle of Days (1992)
Nonfiction

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Gene Wolfe102

American science fiction and fantasy writer 1931–2019

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“According to the concept of transformational evolution, first clearly articulated by Lamarck, evolution consists of the gradual transformation of organisms from one condition of existence to another”

Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) German-American Evolutionary Biologist

Ernst Mayr (1992) " Speciational Evolution or Punctuated Equilibria http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/mayr_punctuated.html" in: Albert Somit and Steven Peterson (1992) The Dynamics of Evolution, p. 21-48

“Lamarck was the first man whose conclusions on this subject were published in 1801.”

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) British naturalist, author of "On the origin of species, by means of natural selection"

L'Origine des espèces, 1859

“The giraffe's neck supposedly supplies a crucial example for preferring natural selection over Lamarckism as a cause of evolution. But Darwin himself (however wrongly by later judgement) did not deny the Lamarckian principle of inheritance for characters acquired by use or lost by disuse. He regarded the Lamarckian mechanism as weak, infrequent, and entirely subsidiary to natural selection, but he accepted the validity of evolution by use and disuse. Darwin does speculate about the adaptive advantage of giraffe's necks, but he cites both natural selection and Lamarckism as probable causes of elongation.”

Stephen Jay Gould book Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms

"The Tallest Tale", p. 312
Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms (1998)

“Henry Fairfield Osborn, the dominant paleontologist of his era, and long time director of the American Museum of Natural History, gave the "standard version in his popular book of 1918, The Origin and Evolution of Life… "Lamarck attributed the lengthening of the [giraffe's] neck to the inheritance of bodily modifications caused by the neck-stretching habit. Darwin attributed the lengthening of the neck to the constant selection of individuals and races which were born with the longest necks. Darwin was probably right."”

Stephen Jay Gould book Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms

…The version has held ever since.
"The Tallest Tale", p. 314
Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms (1998)

“We could not do it in the way he meant. But from the Rue Lamarck to the Rue Ravignan, the attempt [prétention] to imitate an orb on a vertical plane, or to indicate by a horizontal straight line the circular hole of a vase placed at the height of the eyes was considered as the artifice of an illusionistic trickery that belonged to another age.”

Jean Metzinger (1883–1956) French painter

Cubism was born

“At no time did I intend to, or do I believe that I did put forward false information to the American people.”

Condoleezza Rice (1954) American Republican politician; U.S. Secretary of State; political scientist

Congressional hearing http://www.reuters.com/article/middleeastCrisis/idUSN13374647, February 13, 2008.

“I am a firm believer in intelligent design as a matter of faith and intellect, and I believe it should be presented in schools alongside the theories of evolution.”

Rick Perry (1950) 14th and current United States Secretary of Energy

2010-09-11
2010 The Vote: K-12 Education
San Angelo Times
http://www.gosanangelo.com/news/2010/sep/11/this-series-examines-important-issues-to-texans/
2010

“Of course, like every other man of intelligence and education I do believe in organic evolution. It surprises me that at this late date such questions should be raised.”

Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) American politician, 28th president of the United States (in office from 1913 to 1921)

Letter to Winterton C. Curtis (29 August 1922)
1920s and later

“Monsieur … I do not believe in God; his existence has been disproved by Science. But in the concentration camp, I learned to believe in men.”

Jean Paul Sartre book Nausea

Nausea (1938)

“Currently, I see in Germany, but also in the United States, a somewhat fierce debate raging between so-called "creationism" and evolutionism, presented as though they were mutually exclusive alternatives: those who believe in the Creator would not be able to conceive of evolution, and those who instead support evolution would have to exclude God. This antithesis is absurd because, on the one hand, there are so many scientific proofs in favour of evolution which appears to be a reality we can see and which enriches our knowledge of life and being as such. But on the other, the doctrine of evolution does not answer every query, especially the great philosophical question: where does everything come from? And how did everything start which ultimately led to man?”

Pope Benedict XVI (1927) 265th Pope of the Catholic Church

remarks http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2007/july/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20070724_clero-cadore_en.html at Auronzo di Cadore (24 July 2007) <br class="br">2007

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Gene Wolfe102

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