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Lee Smolin – amerykański fizyk teoretyczny, pracuje m.in. na Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Waterloo oraz na University of Toronto. Żonaty z Diną Graser, prawnikiem oraz działaczką publiczną w Toronto. Jego brat, Dawid M. Smolin, jest profesorem prawa.

Smolin znany jest ze swojego wkładu w rozwój kwantowej grawitacji, w szczególności pętlowej grawitacji kwantowej. Broni tezy, że dwa obecne podejścia do grawitacji kwantowej – pętlowa grawitacja kwantowa i teoria strun – mogą być w rzeczywistości rozważane jako różne aspekty tej samej ogólniejszej teorii. Jego zainteresowania badawcze dotyczą m.in. kosmologii, teorii cząstek elementarnych, podstaw mechaniki kwantowej oraz biomatematyki. Wikipedia  

✵ 6. Czerwiec 1955
Lee Smolin Fotografia
Lee Smolin: 52   Cytaty 0   Polubień

Lee Smolin: Cytaty po angielsku

“We show that some known classical results have particularly simple derivations within the Ashtekar formalism. These include Witten's positive energy theorem…”

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Lee Smolin

"Positive energy in quantum gravity" arXiv (Jun 10, 2014)

“We seem to have an ingrained idea that if something is valuable, it exists outside of time.”

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Lee Smolin

Time Reborn: From the Crisis in Physics to the Future of the Universe (2013)

“I was joined by Carlo Rovelli, and we were able to make a full-fledged quantum theory of gravity… This became loop quantum gravity.”

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Lee Smolin

"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“Many of us believed in the possibility of a principled explanation for the laws of nature. We hoped to discover a short list of principles, which could be realized in a unique theory, which would retrodict the standard model and uniquely predict the physics to be discovered beyond it. The shocking implication of the results of Strominger reported in 1986 was that it was not to be, at least within the confines of string theory. …String theory offered more, however… It offered the promise of a setting in which the different perturbative string theories are realized as expansions around solutions of a still more fundamental theory. …That more fundamental theory would have to be background independent…”

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Lee Smolin

"A perspective on the landscape problem" arXiv (Feb 15, 2012)

“There is no time apart from change. There is no such thing as a clock outside the network of changing relationships. …one can only compare how fast one thing is happening with the rate of some other process.”

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Lee Smolin książka Three Roads to Quantum Gravity

Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (2000)

“From the beginning of physics, there have been those who imagined they would be the last generation to face the unknown. Physics has always seemed to its practitioners to be almost complete. This complacency is shattered only during revolutions, when honest people are forced to admit that they don't know the basics.”

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Lee Smolin

The Trouble With Physics: The Rise of String Theory, The Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next (2007)

“Special pleading that the standards of science should be lessened to admit explanations with no falsifiable consequences, in order to keep alive a bold speculative idea, should be strongly resisted. …ultimately science is not interested in what might be true, it is interested only in what can be convincingly demonstrated by deductions from observational evidence.”

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Lee Smolin

"A perspective on the landscape problem" arXiv (Feb 15, 2012)

“There is no meaning to space that is independent of the relationships among real things of the world. …Space is nothing apart from the things that exist. …If we take out all the words we are not left with an empty sentence, we are left with nothing.”

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Lee Smolin książka Three Roads to Quantum Gravity

Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (2000)

“There is a smallest unit of space. Its minimum value is given by the cube of the Planck length… If you take a volume of space and measure it to a very fine precision… It has to fall into some discrete series of numbers, just like the energy of an electron in an atom. …we can calculate the discrete areas and volumes from the theory.”

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Lee Smolin

"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“The geometry of space changes when things in the universe change their relationships to one another.”

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Lee Smolin książka Three Roads to Quantum Gravity

Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (2000)

“Is the flow of time something real, or might our sense of time passing be just an illusion that hides the fact that what is real is only a vast collection of memories?”

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Lee Smolin

as quoted by Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (2000)

“Since the 1950s, the key equation of quantum gravity has been called the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Bryce DeWitt and John Wheeler wrote it down, but in all the time since then, no one had been able to solve it. We found we could solve it exactly, and in fact we found an infinite number of exact solutions.”

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Lee Smolin

Describing work with Ted Jacobson
"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“In both quantum theory and general relativity, we encounter predictions of physically sensible quantities becoming infinite. This is likely the way that nature punishes impudent theorists who dare to break her unity. …If infinities are signs of missing unification, a unified theory will have none. It will be what we call a finite theory.”

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Lee Smolin

The Trouble With Physics: The Rise of String Theory, The Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next (2007)

“In quantum theory, distance is inverse to energy, because you need particles of very high energy to probe very short distances. The inverse of the Planck energy is the Planck length.”

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Lee Smolin

"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“In string theory one studies strings moving in a fixed classical spacetime. …what we call a background-dependent approach. …One of the fundamental discoveries of Einstein is that there is no fixed background. The very geometry of space and time is a dynamical system that evolves in time. The experimental observations that energy leaks from binary pulsars in the form of gravitational waves—at the rate predicted by general relativity to the… accuracy of eleven decimal places—tell us that there is no more a fixed background of spacetime geometry than there are fixed crystal spheres holding the planets up.”

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Lee Smolin

"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“I believe that the main lesson of relativity and quantum theory is that the world is nothing but an evolving network of relationships.”

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Lee Smolin książka Three Roads to Quantum Gravity

Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (2000)

“Since the 1960s, particle theory had been split into two groups: those following the atomism of the quark theory and those who had followed the anti-atomism of that had led from the bootstrap program to the string theory. What happened in 1984 was that it was realised that string theory could combine and satisfy the aspirations of both approaches to fundamental physics. Thus, the community of gauge theorists, driven by the failure of the proton decay experiments to search for new ideas that could unify physics, all of a sudden encountered their old friends, the string theorists, in the middle of what might be called a desert of disappointed expectations.”

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Lee Smolin książka The Life of the Cosmos

The Life of the Cosmos (1997)

“In the theory of electric fields it is assumed that points have meaning. …Physicists using general relativity… cannot speak of a point, except by naming some features of the field lines that will uniquely distinguish that point. …the network of relationships evolve with time… constantly changing.”

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Lee Smolin książka Three Roads to Quantum Gravity

Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (2000)

“Unfortunately, so far… a truly background independent formulation of string theory has not been achieved… [It is] often called the search for M theory…”

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Lee Smolin

"A perspective on the landscape problem" arXiv (Feb 15, 2012)

“String theory seems to be incompatible with a world in which a cosmological constant has a positive sign, which is what the observations indicate.”

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Lee Smolin

"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“While most people… were seeking to modify the principles of either relativity or quantum theory, we surprised ourselves (and many other people) by succeeding in putting them together without modifying their principles.”

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Lee Smolin

"Loop Quantum Gravity," The New Humanists: Science at the Edge (2003)

“The suggestion was that a positive energy proof for general relativity could be gotten by restricting supergravity to its bosonic sector, which is general relativity.”

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Lee Smolin

"Positive energy in quantum gravity" arXiv (Jun 10, 2014)