Jane Jacobs cytaty

Jane Jacobs z domu Butzner – amerykańsko-kanadyjska dziennikarka, publicystka, aktywistka miejska i autorka książek. Najbardziej znana z wpływu na rozwój XX-wiecznej urbanistyki. Pisywała do renomowanych periodyków, m.in. do „Architectural Forum”, gdzie jej głównym zadaniem było analizowanie problemów występujących w przestrzeni północnoamerykańskich miast.

W 1961 roku ukazała się jej najbardziej znana książka, Śmierć i życie wielkich miast Ameryki, będąca podsumowaniem obserwacji z poprzednich lat. Jacobs podważa w niej założenia modernistycznej myśli planistycznej i procesów odnowy miejskiej, które kształtowały miasta Ameryki Północnej w okresie od końca lat 40. do początku lat 70. XX wieku.

Jacobs przyczyniła się też do rozwoju miejskich ruchów oddolnych. Pierwsze z nich, organizowane przez nią w Greenwich Village na Dolnym Manhattanie w połowie lat 50., miały na celu powstrzymanie szeroko zakrojonych planów przebudowy okolicznego parku przy Washington Square. W dużej mierze, również za sprawą interwencji Jane Jacobs, nie doszło do realizacji projektu Lower Manhattan Expressway – autostrady mającej przeciąć samo serce dzielnic takich jak SoHo, czy Little Italy. W przypadku obydwu tych projektów, głównym „przeciwnikiem” Jacobs był Robert Moses – nowojorski urzędnik miejski pełniący większość funkcji związanych z planowaniem przestrzennym miasta od lat 30. do połowy lat 60. Podobne oddolne protesty udało jej się zainicjować pod koniec lat 60. w Toronto, gdzie kilka centralnych dzielnic miało zostać częściowo wyburzonych pod autostradę Spadina Expressway.

Pomimo swojej skuteczności i poparcia lokalnych społeczności, Jacobs przez pierwsze lata swojej kariery była bagatelizowana przez czołowych urbanistów i architektów. Jej głos uważany był za marginalny i niemający zbyt dużo wspólnego z rzeczywistością. Samą Jacobs często dyskredytowano wyłącznie ze względu na płeć – środowisko architektoniczno-urbanistyczne przełomu lat 50. i 60. było zdominowane przez mężczyzn, którzy postrzegali Jacobs jako lekko zwariowaną gospodynię domową. Często wytykano jej również, że nie może służyć za autorytet, jako że nie ukończyła żadnego uniwersytetu. Wikipedia  

✵ 4. Maj 1916 – 25. Kwiecień 2006
Jane Jacobs Fotografia
Jane Jacobs: 26   Cytatów 0   Polubień

Jane Jacobs: Cytaty po angielsku

“I did have an inkling that I was going to be a writer. That was my intention.”

Interview in Toronto Canada (6 September 2000), by Jim Kunstler, Metropolis Magazine (March 2001)

“I was brought up to believe that there is no virtue in conforming meekly to the dominant opinion of the moment.”

Political questionnaire response (1952)
Kontekst: I was brought up to believe that there is no virtue in conforming meekly to the dominant opinion of the moment. I was encouraged to believe that simple conformity results in stagnation for a society, and that American progress has been largely owing to the opportunity for experimentation, the leeway given initiative, and to a gusto and a freedom for chewing over odd ideas.

“Subsidiarity is the principle that government works best — most responsibly and responsively — when it is closest to the people it serves and the needs it addresses.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Five, Dumb-Down Taxes, p. 103
Kontekst: Subsidiarity is the principle that government works best — most responsibly and responsively — when it is closest to the people it serves and the needs it addresses. Fiscal accountability is the principle that institutions collecting and disbursing taxes work most responsibly when they are transparent to those providing the money.

“I was taught that the American's right to be a free individual, not at the mercy of the state, was hard-won and that its price was eternal vigilance, that I too would have to be vigilant.”

Political questionnaire response (1952)
Kontekst: I was taught that the American's right to be a free individual, not at the mercy of the state, was hard-won and that its price was eternal vigilance, that I too would have to be vigilant. I was made to feel that it would be a disgrace to me, as an individual, if I should not value or should give up rights that were dearly bought. I am grateful for that upbringing.

“I do not agree with the extremists of either the left or the right, but I think they should be allowed to speak and to publish, both because they themselves have, and ought to have, rights, and once their rights are gone, the rights of the rest of us are hardly safe. Extremists typically want to squash not only those who disagree with them diametrically, but those who disagree with them at all.”

Political questionnaire response (1952)
Kontekst: The other threat to the security of our tradition, I believe, lies at home. It is the current fear of radical ideas and of people who propound them. I do not agree with the extremists of either the left or the right, but I think they should be allowed to speak and to publish, both because they themselves have, and ought to have, rights, and once their rights are gone, the rights of the rest of us are hardly safe. Extremists typically want to squash not only those who disagree with them diametrically, but those who disagree with them at all. It seems to me that in every country where extremists of the left have gotten sufficiently in the saddle to squash the extremists of the right, they have ridden on to squash the center or terrorize it also. And the same goes for extremists of the right. I do not want that to happen in our country.

“This is both a gloomy and a hopeful book.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter One, The Hazard, p. 3
Kontekst: This is both a gloomy and a hopeful book.
The subject itself is gloomy. A Dark Age is a culture's dead end. We in North America and Western Europe, enjoying the many benefits of the culture conventionally known as the West, customarily think of a Dark Age as happening once, long ago, following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. But in North America we live in a graveyard of lost aboriginal cultures, many of which were decisively finished off by mass amnesia in which even the memory of what was lost was also lost. Throughout the world Dark Ages have scrawled finis to successions of cultures receding far into the past.

“But in North America we live in a graveyard of lost aboriginal cultures, many of which were decisively finished off by mass amnesia in which even the memory of what was lost was also lost.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter One, The Hazard, p. 3
Kontekst: This is both a gloomy and a hopeful book.
The subject itself is gloomy. A Dark Age is a culture's dead end. We in North America and Western Europe, enjoying the many benefits of the culture conventionally known as the West, customarily think of a Dark Age as happening once, long ago, following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. But in North America we live in a graveyard of lost aboriginal cultures, many of which were decisively finished off by mass amnesia in which even the memory of what was lost was also lost. Throughout the world Dark Ages have scrawled finis to successions of cultures receding far into the past.

“I had put a nickel in and just invested something.”

Interview in Toronto Canada (6 September 2000), by Jim Kunstler, Metropolis Magazine (March 2001) http://www.kunstler.com/mags_jacobs1.htm
Kontekst: I would spend a nickel on the subway and go arbitrarily to some other stop and look around there. So I was roaming the city in the afternoons and applying for jobs in the morning. And one day I found myself in a neighborhood I just liked so much…it was one of those times I had put a nickel in and just invested something. And where did I get out? I just liked the sound of the name: Christopher Street — so I got out at Christopher Street, and I was enchanted with this neighborhood, and walked around it all afternoon and then I rushed back to Brooklyn. And I said, "Betty I found out where we have to live."

“I would spend a nickel on the subway and go arbitrarily to some other stop and look around there.”

Interview in Toronto Canada (6 September 2000), by Jim Kunstler, Metropolis Magazine (March 2001) http://www.kunstler.com/mags_jacobs1.htm
Kontekst: I would spend a nickel on the subway and go arbitrarily to some other stop and look around there. So I was roaming the city in the afternoons and applying for jobs in the morning. And one day I found myself in a neighborhood I just liked so much…it was one of those times I had put a nickel in and just invested something. And where did I get out? I just liked the sound of the name: Christopher Street — so I got out at Christopher Street, and I was enchanted with this neighborhood, and walked around it all afternoon and then I rushed back to Brooklyn. And I said, "Betty I found out where we have to live."

“Credentialing, not education, has become the primary business of North American universities.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Three, Credentialing Versus Educating, p. 44

“Redundancy is expensive but indispensable.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Seven, Unwinding Vicious Spirals, p. 159

“In wretched outcomes, the devil is in the details.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Seven, Unwinding Vicious Spirals, p. 153

“A region is an area safely larger than the last one to whose problems we found no solution.”

Jane Jacobs książka The Death and Life of Great American Cities

Źródło: The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961), p. 410

“One wonders at the docility of the students who evidently must be satisfied enough with the credentials to be uncaring about the lack of education.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Four, Science Abandoned, p. 79

“Beneficent spirals, operating by benign feedback, mean that everything needful is not required at once: each individual improvement is beneficial for the whole”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Eight, Dark Age Patterns, p. 175

“Writing, printing, and the Internet give a false sense of security about the permanence of culture.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter One, The Hazard, p. 5

“Privately run jails are a mark of American "reinvented government" that has been picked up by neoconservatives in Canada.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Notes And Comments, p. 189
Dark Age Ahead (2004)

“To science, not even the bark of a tree or a drop of pond water is dull or a handful of dirt banal. They all arouse awe and wonder.”

Jane Jacobs książka Dark Age Ahead

Źródło: Dark Age Ahead (2004), Chapter Four, Science Abandoned, p. 64-65