Születési dátum: 13. október 1925
Halál dátuma: 8. április 2013
Más nevek: Margaret Thatcherová, Margaret Hilda Thatcher
Báró Margaret Hilda Thatcher OM brit konzervatív politikus, 1975 és 1990 között a Konzervatív Párt vezetője, 1979 és 1990 között az Egyesült Királyság miniszterelnöke volt.
1944-ben vegyésznek kezdett tanulni Oxfordban, majd 1959-ben Finchley választókerületben megválasztották országgyűlési képviselőnek. 1970-ben Edward Heath kinevezte oktatásügyi miniszternek. 1975-ben Thatcher legyőzte Edward Heatht a Konzervatív Párt választási választmányon, ezzel ő lett az ellenzék vezére, valamint az első nő, aki vezetett egy nagy politikai pártot az Egyesült Királyságban. 1979-ben megnyerte a választásokat és miniszterelnök lett.
Miután belépett a Downing Street 10-be, Thatcher bevezetett egy sor politikai és gazdasági kezdeményezést, ezekkel akarta visszaszorítani a recessziót. Politikai filozófiájában és gazdaságpolitikájában kiemelt szerep jutott a deregulációnak , a rugalmas munkaerőpiacnak, az állami tulajdonú vállalatok privatizációjának, és a szakszervezetek hatalmának és befolyásának csökkentésének. Hivatalának első évében meglévő népszerűsége később a recesszió közepette és a magas munkanélküliség miatt csökkent, de az 1982-es Falkland-szigeteki háború és a gazdasági fellendülés hatására ismét nőtt, olyannyira, hogy 1983-ban újraválasztották. 1984-ben járt Magyarországon is. 1987-ben Thatchert másodszor is újraválasztották, ám az általa ekkor bevezetett Community Charge adózási rendszer széles körben népszerűtlen volt, és az Európai Unióra vonatkozó nézeteit sem mindenki osztotta a kormányban. 1990. november 28-án, miután Michael Heseltine kihívta a pártelnöki székért, Thatcher mind miniszterelnöki, mind pedig pártelnöki tisztjéről lemondott. Távozása után főnemesi címet kapott: Kesteven bárónője lett, ezáltal bekerült a Lordok Házába.
Egy szovjet újságíró adta neki a „Vaslady” becenevet, a rendíthetetlen politikai vezetésért, melyet büszkén vett tudomásul. Hevesen ellenezte az Egyesült Királyság EU-tagságát. Wikipedia
Interjú angolul http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/q-havoc.html 1987 szeptember 23.
Forrással ellátott idézetek, Harmadik miniszterelnöksége
Csak egyes férfiak és nők léteznek és családok. És egyetlen kormányzat sem tud bármit is elérni másképp, mint az embereken keresztül, és az embereknek magukról kell gondoskodniuk elsősorban. Kötelességünk gondoskodni magunkról, majd gondoskodni a felebarátainkról is.
Interjú angolul http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/q-havoc.html 1987 szeptember 23.
Forrással ellátott idézetek, Harmadik miniszterelnöksége
Forrás: movie The Iron Lady
Forrás: movie The Iron Lady
Speech to members of the National Union of Townswomen’s Guilds, delivered at the Royal Albert Hall (May 20, 1965) ; as quoted in Why Women Should Rule the World, HarperCollins (2008), Dee Dee Myers, p. 227 : ISBN 0061140406, 9780061140402 . The Margaret Thatcher Foundation http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/101374 gives the following additional information : MT spoke on the theme ‘Woman – No Longer a Satellite.’ The Evening News report of this speech is the origin of a phrase often attributed to her : ‘In politics, ... (etc., as above).’
Backbench MP
Often attributed to Thatcher, but originally said by Jesse Carr, head of Teamsters Union Local, in Newsweek, Vol. 88 (1976), p. 77
Misattributed
Speech to the Conservative Party Conference (10 October 1975) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102777
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: Some Socialists seem to believe that people should be numbers in a State computer. We believe they should be individuals. We are all unequal. No one, thank heavens, is like anyone else, however much the Socialists may pretend otherwise. We believe that everyone has the right to be unequal but to us every human being is equally important.
Speech to Federation of Conservative Students Conference (24 March 1975) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102663
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: I shall never stop fighting. I mean this country to survive, to prosper and to be free... I haven't fought the destructive forces of socialism for more than twenty years in order to stop now, when the critical phase of the struggle is upon us.
Speech to Conservative Party Conference (14 October 1983) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105454
Second term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: Let us never forget this fundamental truth: the State has no source of money other than money which people earn themselves. If the State wishes to spend more it can do so only by borrowing your savings or by taxing you more. It is no good thinking that someone else will pay – that ‘someone else’ is you. There is no such thing as public money; there is only taxpayers’ money.
Speech to the Conservative Party Conference (10 October 1975) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102777
The last sentence is widely paraphrased as "The trouble/problem with socialism is that eventually you run out of other people's money."
Leader of the Opposition
Változat: They’ve got the usual Socialist disease – they’ve run out of other people's money.
Kontextus: And I will go on criticising Socialism, and opposing Socialism because it is bad for Britain – and Britain and Socialism are not the same thing... It's the Labour Government that have brought us record peace-time taxation. They’ve got the usual Socialist disease – they’ve run out of other people's money.
Speech to Conservative Women's Conference (24 May 1978) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103696.
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: Perhaps [the] most important reason for the fall in standards and increase in crime—the attack on traditional values. It is not surprising that sometimes parents have been confused about the endless advice and the many rival theories on how to bring up children. There were times when I had to remind myself that our parents and grandparents brought us up without trendy theories and they didn't make such a bad job of it. So it would seem that the tried and trusted values and commonsense application would lead to far better results than we are now experiencing. We must teach that each of us is a responsible person who can choose his own course of action and who has a duty to others to do as he would be done by. That morality is largely based on religious values. Cut the stem and the plant withers. That is why we have been so keen to keep religious teaching in our schools. To those who say that is indoctrinating children, I would reply—it is no such thing. It is a practical recognition of the truth that while an adult may, if he wishes, reject the faith in which he has been brought up, a child will find it difficult to acquire any faith at all without some instruction in the discipline of belief and practice.
Speech to Conservative Party Conference (8 October 1976) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103105
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: I call the Conservative Party now to a crusade. Not only the Conservative Party. I appeal to all those men and women of goodwill who do not want a Marxist future for themselves or their children or their children's children. This is not just a fight about national solvency. It is a fight about the very foundations of the social order. It is a crusade not merely to put a temporary brake on Socialism, but to stop its onward march once and for all.
Speech at dinner for West German Chancellor (Helmut Schmidt) (10 May 1979) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104080
First term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: It has been suggested by some people in this country that I and my government will be a “soft touch” in the [European] Community. In case such a rumour may have reached your ears, Mr Chancellor... it is only fair that I should advise you frankly to dismiss it (as my own colleagues did, long ago). We shall judge what British interests are and we shall be resolute in defending them.
Speech to Conservative Central Council ("The Historic Choice") (20 March 1976) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102990
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: There are others who warn not only of the threat from without, but of something more insidious, not readily perceived, not always deliberate, something that is happening here at home. What are they pointing to? They are pointing to the steady and remorseless expansion of the Socialist State. Now none of us would claim that the majority of Socialists are inspired by other than humanitarian and well-meaning ideals. At the same time few would, I think, deny today that they have made a monster that they can't control. Increasingly, inexorably, the State the Socialists have created is becoming more random in the economic and social justice it seeks to dispense, more suffocating in its effect on human aspirations and initiative, more politically selective in its defence of the rights of its citizens, more gargantuan in its appetite—and more disastrously incompetent in its performance. Above all, it poses a growing threat, however unintentional, to the freedom of this country, for there is no freedom where the State totally controls the economy. Personal freedom and economic freedom are indivisible. You can't have one without the other. You can't lose one without losing the other.
Speech to Conservative Rally at Cheltenham (3 July 1982) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104989, regarding the Falkland Islands War.
First term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: When we started out, there were the waverers and the fainthearts. The people who thought that Britain could no longer seize the initiative for herself. The people who thought we could no longer do the great things which we once did. Those who believed that our decline was irreversible—that we could never again be what we were. There were those who would not admit it—even perhaps some here today—people who would have strenuously denied the suggestion but—in their heart of hearts—they too had their secret fears that it was true: that Britain was no longer the nation that had built an Empire and ruled a quarter of the world. Well they were wrong. The lesson of the Falklands is that Britain has not changed and that this nation still has those sterling qualities which shine through our history. This generation can match their fathers and grandfathers in ability, in courage, and in resolution. We have not changed. When the demands of war and the dangers to our own people call us to arms—then we British are as we have always been: competent, courageous and resolute.
