Születési dátum: 13. október 1925
Halál dátuma: 8. április 2013
Más nevek: Margaret Thatcherová, Margaret Hilda Thatcher
Báró Margaret Hilda Thatcher OM brit konzervatív politikus, 1975 és 1990 között a Konzervatív Párt vezetője, 1979 és 1990 között az Egyesült Királyság miniszterelnöke volt.
1944-ben vegyésznek kezdett tanulni Oxfordban, majd 1959-ben Finchley választókerületben megválasztották országgyűlési képviselőnek. 1970-ben Edward Heath kinevezte oktatásügyi miniszternek. 1975-ben Thatcher legyőzte Edward Heatht a Konzervatív Párt választási választmányon, ezzel ő lett az ellenzék vezére, valamint az első nő, aki vezetett egy nagy politikai pártot az Egyesült Királyságban. 1979-ben megnyerte a választásokat és miniszterelnök lett.
Miután belépett a Downing Street 10-be, Thatcher bevezetett egy sor politikai és gazdasági kezdeményezést, ezekkel akarta visszaszorítani a recessziót. Politikai filozófiájában és gazdaságpolitikájában kiemelt szerep jutott a deregulációnak , a rugalmas munkaerőpiacnak, az állami tulajdonú vállalatok privatizációjának, és a szakszervezetek hatalmának és befolyásának csökkentésének. Hivatalának első évében meglévő népszerűsége később a recesszió közepette és a magas munkanélküliség miatt csökkent, de az 1982-es Falkland-szigeteki háború és a gazdasági fellendülés hatására ismét nőtt, olyannyira, hogy 1983-ban újraválasztották. 1984-ben járt Magyarországon is. 1987-ben Thatchert másodszor is újraválasztották, ám az általa ekkor bevezetett Community Charge adózási rendszer széles körben népszerűtlen volt, és az Európai Unióra vonatkozó nézeteit sem mindenki osztotta a kormányban. 1990. november 28-án, miután Michael Heseltine kihívta a pártelnöki székért, Thatcher mind miniszterelnöki, mind pedig pártelnöki tisztjéről lemondott. Távozása után főnemesi címet kapott: Kesteven bárónője lett, ezáltal bekerült a Lordok Házába.
Egy szovjet újságíró adta neki a „Vaslady” becenevet, a rendíthetetlen politikai vezetésért, melyet büszkén vett tudomásul. Hevesen ellenezte az Egyesült Királyság EU-tagságát. Wikipedia
Interjú angolul http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/q-havoc.html 1987 szeptember 23.
Forrással ellátott idézetek, Harmadik miniszterelnöksége
Csak egyes férfiak és nők léteznek és családok. És egyetlen kormányzat sem tud bármit is elérni másképp, mint az embereken keresztül, és az embereknek magukról kell gondoskodniuk elsősorban. Kötelességünk gondoskodni magunkról, majd gondoskodni a felebarátainkról is.
Interjú angolul http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/q-havoc.html 1987 szeptember 23.
Forrással ellátott idézetek, Harmadik miniszterelnöksége
Forrás: movie The Iron Lady
Forrás: movie The Iron Lady
Speech to members of the National Union of Townswomen’s Guilds, delivered at the Royal Albert Hall (May 20, 1965) ; as quoted in Why Women Should Rule the World, HarperCollins (2008), Dee Dee Myers, p. 227 : ISBN 0061140406, 9780061140402 . The Margaret Thatcher Foundation http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/101374 gives the following additional information : MT spoke on the theme ‘Woman – No Longer a Satellite.’ The Evening News report of this speech is the origin of a phrase often attributed to her : ‘In politics, ... (etc., as above).’
Backbench MP
Often attributed to Thatcher, but originally said by Jesse Carr, head of Teamsters Union Local, in Newsweek, Vol. 88 (1976), p. 77
Misattributed
Speech to the Conservative Party Conference (10 October 1975) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102777
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: Some Socialists seem to believe that people should be numbers in a State computer. We believe they should be individuals. We are all unequal. No one, thank heavens, is like anyone else, however much the Socialists may pretend otherwise. We believe that everyone has the right to be unequal but to us every human being is equally important.
Speech to Federation of Conservative Students Conference (24 March 1975) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102663
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: I shall never stop fighting. I mean this country to survive, to prosper and to be free... I haven't fought the destructive forces of socialism for more than twenty years in order to stop now, when the critical phase of the struggle is upon us.
Speech to Conservative Party Conference (14 October 1983) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105454
Second term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: Let us never forget this fundamental truth: the State has no source of money other than money which people earn themselves. If the State wishes to spend more it can do so only by borrowing your savings or by taxing you more. It is no good thinking that someone else will pay – that ‘someone else’ is you. There is no such thing as public money; there is only taxpayers’ money.
Speech to the Conservative Party Conference (10 October 1975) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102777
The last sentence is widely paraphrased as "The trouble/problem with socialism is that eventually you run out of other people's money."
Leader of the Opposition
Változat: They’ve got the usual Socialist disease – they’ve run out of other people's money.
Kontextus: And I will go on criticising Socialism, and opposing Socialism because it is bad for Britain – and Britain and Socialism are not the same thing... It's the Labour Government that have brought us record peace-time taxation. They’ve got the usual Socialist disease – they’ve run out of other people's money.
Speech to Christian Democratic Union Conference (25 May 1976) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103034
Leader of the Opposition
Kontextus: In some European countries, we now see Communist parties dressed in democratic clothes and speaking with soft voices. Of course we hope that their oft-proclaimed change of heart is genuine. But every child in Europe knows the story of little Red Riding Hood and what happened to her in her grandmother's cottage in the forest. Despite the new look of these Communist parties, despite the softness of their voices, we should be on the watch for the teeth and the appetite of the wolf.
Speech to Conservative Party Conference (11 October 1985) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106145
Second term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: We will not reflate... Past governments have tried that. Past governments have deliberately created inflation in the hope of reducing unemployment. It always finished up with worse inflation and worse unemployment. Mr President, You can't build a secure future on dishonest money. And there is a fundamental truth, from which no government can escape.
Speech to Young Conservative Conference (12 February 1983) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105252
First term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: Peace is not bought cheaply. It cannot be won without cost. The cost of Britain's defence is the price we pay to prevent war. The money for our armed services is truly our “peace tax”. What a cruel irony it is that the word “peace” has been hijacked by those who seek one-sided disarmament. It's ironic because if only one side disarms, the other is far more tempted to aggression. Unilateralism makes war more likely. We who believe in strong defence are the true peace party.
Speech to Conservative Central Council (15 March 1986) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106348
Second term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: Popular capitalism, which is the economic expression of liberty, is proving a much more attractive means for diffusing power in our society. Socialists cry "Power to the people", and raise the clenched fist as they say it. We all know what they really mean— power over people, power to the State. To us Conservatives, popular capitalism means what it says: power through ownership to the man and woman in the street, given confidently with an open hand.
The Bruges Speech (20 September 1988) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=107332
Third term as Prime Minister
Kontextus: Mr. Chairman, you have invited me to speak on the subject of Britain and Europe. Perhaps I should congratulate you on your courage. If you believe some of the things said and written about my views on Europe, it must seem rather like inviting Genghis Khan to speak on the virtues of peaceful coexistence!... The European Community is one manifestation of that European identity, but it is not the only one. We must never forget that east of the Iron Curtain, peoples who once enjoyed a full share of European culture, freedom and identity have been cut off from their roots. We shall always look on Warsaw, Prague and Budapest as great European cities... To try to suppress nationhood and concentrate power at the centre of a European conglomerate would be highly damaging and would jeopardise the objectives we seek to achieve. Europe will be stronger precisely because it has France as France, Spain as Spain, Britain as Britain, each with its own customs, traditions and identity. It would be folly to try to fit them into some sort of identikit European personality... it is ironic that just when those countries such as the Soviet Union, which have tried to run everything from the centre, are learning that success depends on dispersing power and decisions away from the centre, there are some in the Community who seem to want to move in the opposite direction. We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain, only to see them re-imposed at a European level with a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels.
