“Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it.”

Last update June 13, 2021. History

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George Santayana 109
20th-century Spanish-American philosopher associated with P… 1863–1952

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“Those who forget the past are doomed to repeat it”

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“Those who do not know their history are doomed to keep stepping in it.”

This evokes the famous statement by George Santayana in The Life of Reason Vol. 1 (1905): "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
Vorkosigan Saga, The Vor Game (1990)

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“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”

George Santayana (1863–1952) 20th-century Spanish-American philosopher associated with Pragmatism

This famous statement has produced many paraphrases and variants:
Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
Those who do not remember their past are condemned to repeat their mistakes.
Those who do not read history are doomed to repeat it.
Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are destined to repeat them.
Those who do not know history's mistakes are doomed to repeat them.
There is a similar quote by Edmund Burke (in Revolution in France) that often leads to misattribution: "People will not look forward to posterity, who never look backward to their ancestors."
The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress (1905-1906), Vol. I, Reason in Common Sense
Source: The Life of Reason: Five Volumes in One
Context: Progress, far from consisting in change, depends on retentiveness. When change is absolute there remains no being to improve and no direction is set for possible improvement: and when experience is not retained, as among savages, infancy is perpetual. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

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“Hegel is correct: we learn from history that we cannot learn from it.”

Source: The Power Elite (1956), p. 23.

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“Like most of those who study history, he learned from the mistakes of the past how to make new ones.”

A.J.P. Taylor (1906–1990) Historian

Referring to Napoleon III, in "Mistaken Lessons from the Past", The Listener (6 June 1963)

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