“Jeanette [Armstrong, "a traditional Okanagan Indian"] said, 'Attitudes about the species communication are the primary difference between western and indigenous philosophies. Even the most progressive western philosophers still generally believe that listening to the land is a metaphor.' She paused, then continued emphatically, 'It's not a metaphor. It's how the world is.'”

— Derrick Jensen , book A Language Older Than Words

Source: A Language Older Than Words (2000), p. 24

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American environmentalist 1960

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