“[Mistake 2:] Managers need all the information they want. Most MIS designers "determine" what information is needed by asking managers what information they would like to have. This is based on the assumption that managers know what information they need and want.”

—  Russell L. Ackoff

As cited in: Merrill J. Riley (1981) Management information systems. p. 114.
1960s, Management misinformation systems, 1967

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Russell L. Ackoff 70
Scientist 1919–2009

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