“When two identical 3He atoms collide… the interference is destructive. Particles that behave like 3He atoms are called fermions, short for "particles obeying Fermi–Dirac statistics."… while bosons imitate one another… the "identity force" between fermions acts like a repulsion, and the probability of finding a fermion at some point in space is reduced if some of its identical siblings are nearby…. It is the repulsive identity forces between electrons that support white dwarf stars… against their own gravity.”

Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics (1987)

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Frank Wilczek49

physicist 1951

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“Particles that, like 4He, show constructive interference are said to be bosons—a shorthand term for "particles obeying Bose–Einstein statistics." …One way to recognize bosons is their tendency to imitate one each other…. the presence of one boson increases the chance that another of its identical siblings will also appear in the same spot. There's an attraction between them. We will speak… of an attractive identity force drawing together identical bosons. Lasers are a spectacular example…”

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