Jair Bolsonaro [ ʒaˈiʁ bowsoˈnaɾu], né le 21 mars 1955 à Glicério , est un homme d'État brésilien, président de la république fédérative du Brésil depuis le 1er janvier 2019.
Militaire de profession, il s’élève au grade de capitaine, puis, en 1988, devient militaire de réserve en raison de conflits avec sa hiérarchie. Se lançant en politique, il est élu en 1990 député fédéral à Rio de Janeiro sous l’étiquette du Parti démocrate chrétien . Il est constamment réélu jusqu'en 2014, avec le soutien successif de plusieurs partis de droite.
Ses prises de position controversées, notamment à l'égard des femmes, des homosexuels, des Noirs et des peuples indigènes, ainsi que sa nostalgie pour la dictature militaire de 1964-1985, lui valent généralement d'être classé à l'extrême droite de l'échiquier politique brésilien. Jusqu'à sa candidature présidentielle, il est perçu comme une figure politique isolée, sa notoriété tenant alors essentiellement à ses propos polémiques.
Candidat du Parti social-libéral à l'élection présidentielle de 2018, il est victime pendant la campagne d'une tentative d’assassinat de la part d’un militant d'extrême gauche, qui le blesse grièvement. Il est élu au second tour avec 55,1 % des voix face à Fernando Haddad, candidat du Parti des travailleurs .
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“There will not be a centimeter demarcated for indigenous or quilombo reservations.”
Talk at Clube Hebraica in Rio de Janeiro, on 3 April 2017. Bolsonaro: “Quilombola não serve nem para procriar” http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/noticias/bolsonaro-quilombola-nao-serve-nem-para-procriar/. Congresso em Foco (5 April 2017).
About the kidnapping and murder of the teenager Alexandre Ivo by skinheads in 2010, in an interview to Stephen Fry in October 2013. Jair Bolsonaro provoca polêmica em documentário do ator Stephen Fry sobre homofobia https://vejasp.abril.com.br/blog/pop/jair-bolsonaro-provoca-polemica-em-documentario-do-ator-stephen-fry-sobre-homofobia/. Veja SP (23 October 2013).
Interview to Ellen Page in March 2016. "Você foge a normalidade", diz Jair Bolsonaro a Ellen Page https://www.opovo.com.br/noticias/brasil/2016/03/voce-foge-a-normalidade-diz-jair-bolsonaro-a-ellen-page.html. O Povo (11 March 2016).
“I wouldn't hire them [women] with the same salary. But there are many women who are competent.”
About equal pay for women. Bolsonaro diz que não pagaria a mulheres o mesmo salário dos homens http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/superpop/videos/ultimos-programas/bolsonaro-diz-que-nao-pagaria-a-mulheres-o-mesmo-salario-dos-homens. RedeTV! (15 February 2016).
“The Military Police should have killed 1,000 rather than 111 prisoners in the Carandiru massacre.”
Coronel Ubiratan deve perder a imunidade http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/1997/10/03/cotidiano/50.html. Folha de S.Paulo (3 October 1997).
“I sympathize with Fujimori. Fujimorization is the way out for Brazil.”
Conversations/Jair Bolsonaro; A Soldier Turned Politician Wants To Give Brazil Back to Army Rule https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/weekinreview/conversations-jair-bolsonaro-soldier-turned-politician-wants-give-brazil-back.html. The News York Times (25 July 1993).
“I wouldn't enter an airplane flown by a quota pilot or accept to be operated by a quota doctor.”
Referring to the recent adoption of racial and socioeconomic affirmative action in universities. Interview to the program CQC on Band. Bolsonaro diz na TV que seus filhos não 'correm risco' de namorar negras ou virar gays porque foram 'muito bem educados' https://oglobo.globo.com/politica/bolsonaro-diz-na-tv-que-seus-filhos-nao-correm-risco-de-namorar-negras-ou-virar-gays-porque-foram-muito-bem-educados-2804755; O Globo (29 March 2011).
Referring to Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, accused of torture and killing during the military dictatorship, while voting for Rousseff's impeachment on 17 April 2016. Rousseff taunt opens old wounds of dictatorship era's torture in Brazil https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/19/dilma-rousseff-impeachment-comments-torture-era-brazil-history?CMP=twt_b-gdnnewsDilma. The Guardian (19 April 2016).
About the misattribution of the saying of Jesus to Paul. Bolsonaro diz que Bíblia prega armamento https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/2018/08/18/3046-bolsonaro-diz-que-biblia-prega-armamento. O Globo (18 August 2018).
“I'm a victim of prejudice against heterosexuals.”
Na Câmara, Bolsonaro se diz vítima de preconceito por ser heterossexual http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2011/04/na-camara-bolsonaro-se-diz-vitima-de-preconceito-por-ser-heterossexual.html. G1 (27 April 2011).
Interview to Ellen Page in March 2016. "Você foge a normalidade", diz Jair Bolsonaro a Ellen Page https://www.opovo.com.br/noticias/brasil/2016/03/voce-foge-a-normalidade-diz-jair-bolsonaro-a-ellen-page.html. O Povo (11 March 2016).
“Congressmen should not take the bus.”
'Parlamentar não deve andar de ônibus', diz deputado Jair Bolsonaro http://odia.ig.com.br/noticia/rio-de-janeiro/2013-08-12/parlamentar-nao-deve-andar-de-onibus-diz-deputado-jair-bolsonaro.html. O Dia (12 August 2013).
“I would beat him. You can be sure of that. If acting with energy is torturing, he'll be tortured.”
About if one of his sons used drugs, in an interview to the program CQC on Band. Bolsonaro diz na TV que seus filhos não 'correm risco' de namorar negras ou virar gays porque foram 'muito bem educados' https://oglobo.globo.com/politica/bolsonaro-diz-na-tv-que-seus-filhos-nao-correm-risco-de-namorar-negras-ou-virar-gays-porque-foram-muito-bem-educados-2804755; O Globo (29 March 2011).
“The scum of the world is arriving in Brazil, as if we didn’t have enough problems to solve.”
About Senegalese, Haitians, Iranians, Bolivians and Syrians in an interview https://www.jornalopcao.com.br/ultimas-noticias/ouca-entrevista-em-que-bolsonaro-chama-refugiados-de-escoria-e-sugere-infarto-a-dilma-46313/ to Jornal Opção on 17 September 2015. Conservative’s Star Rises in Brazil as Polarizing Views Tap Into Discontent https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/world/americas/conservatives-star-rises-in-brazil-as-polarizing-views-tap-into-discontent.html. The New York Times (7 May 2016).
At Campina Grande Airport https://theintercept.com/2018/09/25/ideias-nazifascistas-bolsonarismo/ on 8 February 2018. Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro's most controversial quotes https://www.yahoo.com/news/brazil-presidential-candidate-bolsonaros-most-controversial-quotes-012652084.html. Yahoo!, 29 September 2018.
Misattributing to Paul a saying of Jesus (Luke 22:36). Bolsonaro diz que Bíblia prega armamento https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/2018/08/18/3046-bolsonaro-diz-que-biblia-prega-armamento. O Globo (18 August 2018).
“I'm in favor of the military regime.”
At the Chamber of Deputies https://acervo.folha.com.br/compartilhar.do?numero=12100&anchor=4784900&pd=ae9020b112fe56cd693fdd58ec4b20a2 on 24 June 1993. Conversations/Jair Bolsonaro; A Soldier Turned Politician Wants To Give Brazil Back to Army Rule https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/weekinreview/conversations-jair-bolsonaro-soldier-turned-politician-wants-give-brazil-back.html. The News York Times (25 July 1993).
“If one's son begins acting kind of gay, then when he is spanked he'll change his behavior.”
At the program Participação Popular on TV Câmara on 17 November 2010. Deputado federal defende na TV agressões físicas para mudar "filho gayzinho" http://www2.camara.leg.br/camaranoticias/noticias/DIREITOS-HUMANOS/151706-COMISSAO-VAI-DEBATER-DECLARACAO-DE-BOLSONARO-SOBRE-PUNICAO-A-FILHO-GAY.html. Folha de S.Paulo (25 November 2010).
About Hugo Chávez. "É uma esperança para a AL" http://acervo.estadao.com.br/pagina/#!/19990904-38672-nac-0007-pol-a7-not/busca/Bolsonaro. O Estado de S. Paulo (4 September 1999).
“So let’s respect the pedophile’s right to have sex with a 2-year-old?”
About the gay rights, in an interview to Time. Jair Bolsonaro Loves Trump, Hates Gay People and Admires Autocrats. He Could Be Brazil's Next President http://time.com/5375731/jair-bolsonaro/. Time (23 August 2018).
Inverview https://extra.globo.com/famosos/deputado-jair-bolsonaro-fala-da-promiscuidade-de-preta-gil-declara-que-seria-incapaz-de-amar-um-filho-homossexual-em-entrevista-1980933.html to Playboy magazine in 2011. Conservative’s Star Rises in Brazil as Polarizing Views Tap Into Discontent https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/world/americas/conservatives-star-rises-in-brazil-as-polarizing-views-tap-into-discontent.html. The New York Times (7 May 2016).
“We're going to shoot all the PT supporters in Acre.”
About the Workers' Party (PT) supporters, during a electoral meeting https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/09/06/stf-da-10-dias-para-bolsonaro-explicar-declaracao-sobre-fuzilar-a-petralhada.ghtml in the state of Acre on 1 September 2018. Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro's most controversial quotes https://www.yahoo.com/news/brazil-presidential-candidate-bolsonaros-most-controversial-quotes-012652084.html. Yahoo! (29 September 2018).
“With distance education, you help to combat Marxism.”
Bolsonaro propõe ensino a distância para combater marxismo e reduzir custos https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/bolsonaro-propoe-ensino-a-distancia-para-combater-marxismo-e-reduzir-custos.shtml. Folha de S.Paulo (7 August 2018).
About the law for protection of children and adolescents at an event in Araçatuba on 23 August 2018. Bolsonaro diz que ECA deve ser 'rasgado e jogado na latrina' https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/bolsonaro-diz-que-eca-deve-ser-rasgado-jogado-na-latrina-23006248?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=OGlobo. O Globo (23 August 2018).
“Admit your love for homosexuals.”
To president Dilma Rousseff, about the School without Homophobia project, at the Chamber of Deputies on 24 November 2011 http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2011/11/bolsonaro-pede-dilma-para-assumir-se-gosta-de-homossexual.html. The Most Misogynistic, Hateful Elected Official in the Democacratic World: Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro https://theintercept.com/2014/12/11/misogynistic-hateful-elected-official-democacratic-world-brazils-jair-bolsonaro/. The Intercept (11 December 2014).
“Brazil above all, God above everyone.”
In the presidential debate held by TV Bandeirantes on 9 August 2018. Primeiro debate da eleição 2018 reúne 8 presidenciáveis por mais de 3 horas na TV https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/10/primeiro-debate-da-eleicao-2018-reune-8-presidenciaveis-por-mais-de-3-horas-na-tv.ghtml. G1 (10 August 2018).
“I would never rape you, because you don't deserve it.”
To federal deputy Maria do Rosário at the Chamber of Deputies in November 2003 http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2014/12/1559815-para-rebater-deputada-bolsonaro-diz-que-nao-a-estupraria.shtml. Brazil’s Trump? https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2017-01-19/brazils-controversial-congressman-jair-bolsonaro-eyes-the-presidency. US News (19 January 2017).
Interview to Stephen Fry in October 2013. Jair Bolsonaro provoca polêmica em documentário do ator Stephen Fry sobre homofobia https://vejasp.abril.com.br/blog/pop/jair-bolsonaro-provoca-polemica-em-documentario-do-ator-stephen-fry-sobre-homofobia/. Veja SP (23 October 2013).
“Those that look for bones are dogs.”
Poster against relatives of people forcibly disappeared during the military dictatorship. Cartaz contra desaparecidos do Araguaia irrita deputados http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,cartaz-contra-desaparecidos-do-araguaia-irrita-deputados,378349. Estadão (28 May 2009).
Interview to Ellen Page in March 2016. "Você foge a normalidade", diz Jair Bolsonaro a Ellen Page https://www.opovo.com.br/noticias/brasil/2016/03/voce-foge-a-normalidade-diz-jair-bolsonaro-a-ellen-page.html. O Povo (11 March 2016).
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