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Christopher Langton citations

Christopher Langton, né en 1948 ou en 1949, est un scientifique américain. Il est l'un des premiers chercheurs à avoir travaillé dans le domaine de la vie artificielle. Il invente le terme vers la fin des années 1980 lorsqu'il met en place le premier groupe de travail sur l'origine des systèmes vivants et leur simulation, au Laboratoire national de Los Alamos en 1987.

Christopher Langton a apporté de nombreuses contributions au domaine de la vie artificielle, à la fois en termes de simulation ou modélisation informatique que de questionnement philosophique.

Inspiré par des idées venant du domaine de la physique, notamment les transitions de phase, il développe plusieurs concepts et outils de mesure pour les automates cellulaires. Il suggère que les points critiques qui séparent l'ordre du désordre pourraient jouer un rôle important dans l'organisation des systèmes complexes, notamment en biologie.

Ces mêmes idées ont été explorées simultanément et avec quelques approximations par James P. Crutchfield, Per Bak et d'autres.

Diplômé de l'Université du Michigan, Langton a créé la fourmi de Langton et la boucle de Langton, des simulations de vie artificielle assez simples. Il a également défini un paramètre Lambda, une mesure sans dimension de la complexité et du potentiel de calcul des automates cellulaires.

Langton est le fils aîné de Jane Langton. Il a deux enfants : Gabe et Colin. Wikipedia  

✵ 1949
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Christopher Langton: 11 citations0 J'aime

Christopher Langton: Citations en anglais

“A system in which a few things interacting produce tremendously divergent behavior; deterministic chaos; it looks random but its not.”

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Christopher Langton

Christopher Langton in: Roger Lewin (1990) Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos New York, Macmillan. p. 12

“Artificial Life (``AL or ``Alife) is the name given to a new discipline that studies "natural" life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other "artificial" media. Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms.”

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Christopher Langton

Christopher Langton in: Karl Gerbel, Peter Weibel, Katharina Gsöllpointner (1993) Genetische Kunst--künstliches Leben. p.25

“There's a reason for poetry… Poetry is a very nonlinear use of language, where the meaning is more than just the sum of the parts. And science requires that it be nothing more than the sum of the parts. And just the fact that there's stuff to explain out there that's more than the sum of the parts means that the traditional approach, just characterizing the parts and the relations, is not going to be adequate for capturing the essence of many systems that you would like to be able to do. That's not to say that there isn't a way to do it in a more scientific way than poetry, but I just like the feeling that culturally there's going to be more of something like poetry in the future of science.”

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Christopher Langton

Christopher Langton, as quoted by John Horgan, The End of Science (1996) p. 201.

“Artificial Life [AL] is the study of man-made systems that exhibit behaviors characteristic of natural living systems. It complements the traditional biological sciences concerned with the analysis of living organisms by attempting to synthesize life-like behaviors within computers and other artificial media. By extending the empirical foundation upon which biology is based beyond the carbon-chain life that has evolved on Earth, Artificial Life can contribute to theoretical biology by locating life-as-we-know-it within the larger picture of life-as-it-could-be.”

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Christopher Langton

Source: Artificial Life (1989), p.1

“You can see these two species coexisting in a long period of stability; then on of the them drops out and all hell breaks loose. Tremendous instability. That's the Soviet Union.”

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Christopher Langton

Christopher Langton in: Roger Lewin (1990) Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos New York, Macmillan. p. 196

“The principle assumption made in Artificial Life is that the 'logical form' of an organism can be separated from its material basis of construction, and that 'aliveness' will be found to be a property of the former, not of the latter.”

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Christopher Langton

Source: Artificial Life (1989), p.11

“[AL] views life as a property of the organization of matter, rather than a property of the matter which is so organized. Whereas biology has largely concerned itself with the material basis of life, Artificial Life is concerned with the formal basis of life.”

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Christopher Langton

Source: Artificial Life (1989), p.2

“It starts at the bottom, viewing an organism as a large population of simple machines, and works upwards synthetically from there — constructing large aggregates of simple, rule-governed objects which interact with one another nonlinearly in the support of life-like, global dynamics. The ‘key' concept in AL is emergent behavior.”

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Christopher Langton

Source: Artificial Life (1989), p.2

“Artificial Life is concerned with tuning the behaviors of such low-level machines that the behavior that emerges at the global level is essentially the same as some behavior exhibited by a natural living system… Artificial Life is concerned with generating lifelike behavior.”

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Christopher Langton

Source: Artificial Life (1989), p.4-5 as cited in: Luis M. Rocha (2012) " The logical mechanisms of life http://informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/i-bic/lec02.html" on indiana.edu, August 27, 2012

“Biology is the scientific study of life - in principle, anyway. In practice, biology is the scientific study of life on Earth based on carbon-chain chemistry. There is nothing in its charter that restricts biology to carbon-based life; it is simply that this is the only kind of life that has been available to study. Thus, theoretical biology has long faced the fundamental obstacle that it is impossible to derive general principles from single examples… Without other examples, it is difficult to distinguish essential properties of life - properties that would be shared by any living system - from properties that may be incidental to life in principle, but which happen to be universal to life on Earth due solely to a combination of local historical accident and common genetic descent.”

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Christopher Langton

Source: Artificial Life (1989), p.2

“Biological systems are dynamical, not easily predicted, and are creative in many ways… In the old equilibrium worldview, ideas about change were dominated by the action-reaction formula. It was a clockwork world, ultimately predictable in boring ways.”

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Christopher Langton

Christopher Langton in: Roger Lewin (1990) Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos New York, Macmillan. p. 190 as cited in: Sohail Inayatullah (1994) " Evolution and Complexity http://www.metafuture.org/Articles/evolution-complexity.htm#_edn1"

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