“China should generously pacify those foreigners” (Zhongguo huai rou ning cong hou)”
Qianlong in 1754 . (Qianlong emperor, 1993: 3.296) a translation by Gang Zhao of QIANLONG EMPEROR (1993) Qianlong yuzhi shiwen quanji (The complete collection of Qianlong’s essays and poems). 10 vols. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe <br class="br">Source: Zhao 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20140325231543/https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf, p. 9.
Qianlong in 1735 . (Qianlong emperor, 1993: 3.693) a translation by Gang Zhao of QIANLONG EMPEROR (1993) Qianlong yuzhi shiwen quanji (The complete collection of Qianlong’s essays and poems). 10 vols. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe. <br class="br">Source: Zhao 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20140325231543/https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf, p. 9.
“China deals with foreigners from afar only by treating them without discrimination”
Qianlong in 1780 . (Da Qing Gaozong Chun- huangdi shilu, 1964: 15018) a translation by Gang Zhao of Da Qing Gaozong Chunhuangdi shilu [The veritable record of the Qianlong emperor] (1964) 30 vols. Taipei: Huawen shuju. <br class="br">Source: Zhao 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20140325231543/https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf, p. 9.