Bernard Mandeville: Vice

“Because Impudence is a Vice, it does not follow that Modesty is a Virtue; it is built upon Shame, a Passion in our Nature, and may be either Good or Bad according to the Actions perform'd from that Motive.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

Remark C, p. 65
The Fable of the Bees (1714)

Motivation , Nature , Passion

“The fallacy of that book is, that Mandeville defines neither vices nor benefits. He reckons among vices everything that gives pleasure. He takes the narrowest system of morality, monastick morality, which holds pleasure itself to be a vice, such as eating salt with our fish, because it makes it taste better; and he reckons wealth as a publick benefit, which is by no means always true. Pleasure of itself is not a vice.”

Bernard Mandeville

Dr. Johnson in conversation, April 15, 1778, reported in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1791) p. 948.
Criticism

Pleasure , Books , Fish , Wealth

“So Vice is beneficial found,
When it's by Justice lopt and bound;
Nay, where the People would be great,
As necessary to the State,
As Hunger is to make 'em eat.
Bare Virtue can't make Nations live
In Splendor; they, that would revive
A Golden Age, must be as free,
For Acorns, as for Honesty.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

"The Moral", line 17, p. 24
The Fable of the Bees (1714)

Hunger , People , Age , Justice

“Then leave Complaints: Fools only strive
To make a Great an Honest Hive.
T'enjoy the World's Conveniences,
Be fam'd in War, yet live in Ease,
Without great Vices, is a vain
Eutopia seated in the Brain.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

"The Moral", line 1, p. 23
The Fable of the Bees (1714)

War , World , Fools

“Thus Vice nurs'd Ingenuity,
Which join'd with Time and Industry,
Had carry'd Life's Conveniences,
It's real Pleasures, Comforts, Ease,
To such a Height, the very Poor
Liv'd better than the Rich before.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

"The Grumbling Hive", line 197, p. 11
The Fable of the Bees (1714)

Life , Pleasure , Time

“Thus every Part was full of Vice,
Yet the whole Mass a Paradise;
Flatter'd in Peace, and fear'd in Wars,
They were th' Esteem of Foreigners,
And lavish of their Wealth and Lives,
The Balance of all other Hives.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

"The Grumbling Hive", line 155, p. 9
The Fable of the Bees (1714)

War , Peace , Parting , Wealth

“Luxury
Employ'd a Million of the Poor,
And odious Pride a Million more;
Envy it self, and Vanity,
Were Ministers of Industry;
Their darling Folly, Fickleness,
In Diet, Furniture and Dress,
That strange ridic'lous Vice, was made
The very Wheel that turn'd the Trade.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

"The Grumbling Hive", line 180, p. 10
The Fable of the Bees (1714)

Envy

“Private Vices by the dextrous Management of a skilful Politician may be turned into Publick Benefits.”

Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees

"A Search into the Nature of Society", p. 428
The Fable of the Bees (1714)