“All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis takes place already within a system.”

—  Ludwig Wittgenstein , book On Certainty

On Certainty (1969)
Context: 105. All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis takes place already within a system. And this system is not a more or less arbitrary and doubtful point of departure for all our arguments; no it belongs to the essence of what we call an argument. The system is not so much the point of departure, as the element in which our arguments have their life.

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Ludwig Wittgenstein 228
Austrian-British philosopher 1889–1951

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