“[Wicked problems are] social problems which are ill formulated, where the information is confusing, where there are many clients and decision-makers with conflicting values, and where the ramifications in the whole system are thoroughly confusing.”
Source: 1960s - 1970s, Guest editorial: Wicked problems (1967), p. 141 cited in: John Mingers (2011) "Introduction to the Special Issue: Teaching Soft O.R., Problem Structuring Methods, and Multimethodology" in Informs, Vol. 12, No. 1, September 2011, pp. 1–3
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C. West Churchman 64
American philosopher and systems scientist 1913–2004Related quotes
A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace (1996)
Context: You claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You use this claim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of these problems don't exist. Where there are real conflicts, where there are wrongs, we will identify them and address them by our means. We are forming our own Social Contract. This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different.
Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself, arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.
We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.
We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity.
Your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, and context do not apply to us. They are all based on matter, and there is no matter here.
Kalki Koechlin
(1984) Indian actress
Interview with Olivia Bannock at the Toronto International Film Festival, on the subject of her work with Anurag Kashyap, in That Girl in Yellow Boots, for myETVmedia with Kalki Koechlin (28 September 2010) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1z-_AJiCVE
Ludwig Wittgenstein
(1889–1951) Austrian-British philosopher
Journal entry (1 November 1914)
1910s, Notebooks 1914-1916
John Kenneth Galbraith
(1908–2006) American economist and diplomat
Power and the Useful Economist (1973)
“The problem of systems improvement is the problem of the 'ethics of the whole system.”
C. West Churchman
(1913–2004) American philosopher and systems scientist
Source: 1960s - 1970s, The Systems Approach (1968), p. 4
“Spinoza formulated the problem of the socially patterned defect very clearly.”
Baruch Spinoza
(1632–1677) Dutch philosopher
Erich Fromm, in The Sane Society (1955), Ch. 2: Can A Society be Sick?—The Pathology of Normalcy
Context: Spinoza formulated the problem of the socially patterned defect very clearly. He says: "Many people are seized by one and the same affect with great consistency. All his senses are so strongly affected by one object that he believes this object to be present even if it is not. If this happens while the person is awake, the person is believed to be insane. … But if the greedy person thinks only of money and possessions, the ambitious one only of fame, one does not think of them as being insane, but only as annoying; generally one has contempt for them. But factually greediness, ambition, and so forth are forms of insanity, although usually one does not think of them as 'illness.'" These words were written a few hundred years ago; they still hold true, although the defects have been culturally patterned to such an extent now that they are not even generally thought any more to be annoying or contemptible.