“The genomes of long-term obligate symbionts often undergo irreversible gene loss and deterioration even as hosts evolve dependence on them. In some cases, animal genomes may have acquired genes from symbionts, mirroring the gene uptake from mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Multiple symbionts often coexist in the same host, resulting in coadaptation among several phylogenetically distant genomes.”

— Nancy A. Moran

[Symbiosis as an adaptive process and source of phenotypic complexity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 15 May 2007, 104 (suppl 1), 8627–8633, 10.1073/pnas.0611659104]

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Nancy A. Moran9

American biologist 1954

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