“Being happy involves both a certain achievement in action and a rational assurance about the outcome.”

— John Rawls , book A Theory of Justice

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter IX, Section 83, p. 549

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John Rawls 63

American political philosopher 1921–2002

James Nicoll (1961) Canadian fiction reviewer

LiveJournal comment http://james-nicoll.livejournal.com/228255.html?thread=2188959#t2188959
2000s

“Neither in nature nor among human beings are either equal or randomly distributed outcomes automatic. On the contrary, grossly unequal distributions of outcomes are common, both in nature and among people, in circumstances where neither genes nor discrimination are involved… The idea that it would be a level playing field, if it were not for either genes or discrimination, is a preconception in defiance of both logic and facts.”

Thomas Sowell (1930) American economist, social theorist, political philosopher and author

Source: Discriminations and Disparities (2018), p. 17.

“When falsehood can look so like the truth, who can assure themselves of certain happiness?”

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus

Source: Frankenstein

“We want to see both sides not take unilateral action that would prejudice an eventual outcome, a reunification that all parties are seeking.”

Colin Powell (1937) Former U.S. Secretary of State and retired four-star general

On Chinese and Taiwanese relations, in interview with Phoenix Television of Hong Kong (27 October 2004), as quoted in "Warnings by Powell to Taiwan Provoke a Diplomatic Dispute" in The New York Times (28 October 2004) http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07EFDB123DF93BA15753C1A9629C8B63.
2000s

“One must be rational about such matters and being rational need not mean being cold.”

Susan Howatch book The Wheel of Fortune

The Wheel of Fortune (1984), Part 1: Robert

“Every knowledge in which the reason is involved is not a rational knowledge. It means that any knowledge because the reason is involved in it cannot be considered as a rational knowledge. In a rational knowledge, it is necessary that in addition to the existence of reason, the judgment of reason about the thing that is to be known should be consistent with the reason and be rational. It is also necessary that the result of this knowledge be rational so that we consider that knowledge a rational knowledge”

Taraneh Javanbakht (1974) Iranian scientist, faculty, poet, translator, playwright and writer

the necessary and sufficient conditions for rational knowledge
Source: Great Islamic Encyclopedia website, 2016 https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/news/154958

“To be independent of public opinion is the first formal condition of achieving anything great or rational whether in life or in science. Great achievement is assured, however, of subsequent recognition and grateful acceptance by public opinion, which in due course will make it one of its own prejudices”

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel book Elements of the Philosophy of Right

Sect. 318, as translated by T. M. Knox, (1952)
Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820/1821)

“Life cannot exist without a certain conformity to the surrounding universe — that conformity involves a certain amount of happiness in excess of pain. In short, as we live we are paid for living.”

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) English biologist and comparative anatomist

1860s, Reply to Charles Kingsley (1860)

“All rational action is economic. All economic activity is rational action. All rational action is in the first place individual action. Only the individual thinks. Only the individual reasons. Only the individual acts.”

Ludwig von Mises book Socialism

Part II : The Economics of a Socialist Community, § I : The Economics of an Isolated Socialist Community, Ch. 5 : The Nature of Economic Activity, p. 97 http://www.econlib.org/library/Mises/msS3.html#Part%20II,Ch.5
Socialism (1922)
Source: Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis

“The outcome of a non-constant-sum game may be dictated by the individual rationality of the respective players without satisfying a criterion of collective rationality.”

Anatol Rapoport (1911–2007) Russian-born American mathematical psychologist

Anatol Rapoport. (1974). Game Theory as a Theory of Conflict Resolution p. 4
1970s and later

“Being happy involves both a certain achievement in action and a rational assurance about the outcome.”

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John Rawls 63

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