“The theory of evolution is based on the struggle for life and the survival of the fittest. Yet cooperation is common between members of the same species and even between members of different species.”
Axelrod, Robert, and William Donald Hamilton. "The evolution of cooperation." Science 211.4489 (1981): 1390
Help us to complete the source, original and additional information
Robert Axelrod15
American political scientist 1943Related quotes
“Life is a constant struggle between being an individual and being a member of the community.”
Sherman Alexie book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian
Source: The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian
Peter Singer book Practical Ethics
Peter Singer - The Genius of Darwin: The Uncut Interviews - Richard Dawkins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYYNY2oKVWU, 2009. <br class="br">Source: Practical Ethics <br class="br">Context: Speciesism is an attitude of prejudice towards beings because they're not members of our species, so just as racism means that you're prejudiced against beings who are not members of your race and sexism means you're prejudiced against people of the other sex. So we humans tend to be speciesist in we think that any being that is a member of the species homo sapien just automatically has a higher moral status and is more important than any being that is a member of any other species, irrespective of the actual characteristics of those beings.
Lynn Margulis (1938–2011) American evolutionary biologist
Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Evolution from Our Microbial Ancestors (1986)
William Bateson (1861–1926) British geneticist and biologist
Source: Mendel's Principles of Heredity (1913), p. 3
Charles Darwin book On the Origin of Species (1859)
Source: On the Origin of Species (1859), chapter IV: "Natural Selection", page 111 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=126&itemID=F373&viewtype=image
Peter Singer book Animal Liberation
Source: Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for our Treatment of Animals (1975), Ch. 1: All Animals Are Equal
Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) logician, one of the first analytic philosophers and political activist
1950s, The Russell-Einstein Manifesto (1955)