1960s, Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth (1963)
Context: Synergy is the only word in our language that means behavior of whole systems unpredicted by the separately observed behaviors of any of the system's separate parts or any subassembly of the system's parts. There is nothing in the chemistry of a toenail that predicts the existence of a human being.
“Man is not only part of a field, but a part and member of his group. When people are together, as when they are at work, then the most unnatural behavior, which only appears in late stages or abnormal cases, would be to behave as separate Egos. Under normal circumstances they work in common, each a meaningfully functioning part of the whole.”
Max Wertheimer (1924), cited in: Heinz L. Ansbacher (ed.), The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. 1954, p. 11
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Max Wertheimer 15
Co-founder of Gestalt psychology 1880–1943Related quotes
Source: Kama Sutra , translated by Richard Francis Burton Preface https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kama_Sutra/Introductory/Preface, Wikisource
Cited in: Can Alpaslan, Ian Mitroff (2011) Swans, Swine, and Swindlers: Coping with the Growing Threat of Mega-Crises and Mega-Messes. p. 16.
1970s, The future of operational research is past, 1979
Source: De architectura (The Ten Books On Architecture) (~ 15BC), Book I, Chapter II, Sec. 2
Kant's Inaugural Dissertation (1770), Section I On The Idea Of A World In General
Source: Introduction to Systems Philosophy (1972), p. 67.