“Rigor is not a yes-no property of a proof… it is a vague standard of careful treatment that is currently acceptable to a particular group.”

—  Richard Hamming

Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985)
Context: When you yourself are responsible for some new application in mathematics... then your reputation... and possibly even human lives, may depend on the results you predict. It is then the need for mathematical rigor will become painfully obvious to you.... Mathematical rigor is the clarification of the reasoning used in mathematics.... a closer examination of the numerous "hidden assumptions" is made.... Over the years there has been a gradually rising standard of rigor; proofs that satisfied the best mathematicians of one generation have been found inadequate by the next generation. Rigor is not a yes-no property of a proof... it is a vague standard of careful treatment that is currently acceptable to a particular group.

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Richard Hamming 90
American mathematician and information theorist 1915–1998

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