“The straightening board was created because of warped wood, and the plumb line came into being because of things that are not straight. Rulers are established and ritual and rightness are illuminated because the nature is evil.”

—  Xun Zi

Sources of Chinese Tradition (1999), vol. 1, p. 182
Human nature is evil

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Xun Zi 13
Ancient Chinese philosopher -313–-238 BC

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“A questioner asks: If human nature is evil, then where do ritual and rightness come from? I reply: ritual and rightness are always created by the conscious activity of the sages.”

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