“The theory of evolution is based on the struggle for life and the survival of the fittest. Yet cooperation is common between members of the same species and even between members of different species.”
Axelrod, Robert, and William Donald Hamilton. "The evolution of cooperation." Science 211.4489 (1981): 1390
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Robert Axelrod 15
American political scientist 1943Related quotes

“Life is a constant struggle between being an individual and being a member of the community.”
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Peter Singer - The Genius of Darwin: The Uncut Interviews - Richard Dawkins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYYNY2oKVWU, 2009.
Source: Practical Ethics
Context: Speciesism is an attitude of prejudice towards beings because they're not members of our species, so just as racism means that you're prejudiced against beings who are not members of your race and sexism means you're prejudiced against people of the other sex. So we humans tend to be speciesist in we think that any being that is a member of the species homo sapien just automatically has a higher moral status and is more important than any being that is a member of any other species, irrespective of the actual characteristics of those beings.

Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Evolution from Our Microbial Ancestors (1986)

Source: Mendel's Principles of Heredity (1913), p. 3

1950s, The Russell-Einstein Manifesto (1955)