Pope Benedict XVI (1927) 265th Pope of the Catholic Church
In Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20071130_spe-salvi_en.html (30 November 2007) <br class="br">2007
I Believe
Pope Benedict XVI (1927) 265th Pope of the Catholic Church
In Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20071130_spe-salvi_en.html (30 November 2007) <br class="br">2007
“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.”
John Rawls book A Theory of Justice
Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 1, pg. 3-4
Context: Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests.
Hans Kelsen (1881–1973) Austrian lawyer
"What Is Justice?" (1952), published in What is Justice? (1957)
Felix Adler (1851–1933) German American professor of political and social ethics, rationalist, and lecturer
Section 4 : Moral Ideals
Founding Address (1876), Life and Destiny (1913)
Curtis White (1951) American academic
"The spirit of disobedience: an invitation to resistance"