Norodom Sihanouk citations

Norodom Sihanouk , né le 31 octobre 1922 à Phnom Penh et mort le 15 octobre 2012 à Pékin, est un homme d'État cambodgien, figure dominante de la vie politique de son pays dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Il a été tour à tour et parfois simultanément roi, Premier ministre, « chef d'État » du royaume, animateur de plusieurs gouvernements en exil, puis à nouveau roi.

Nommé le 24 avril 1941, à l'âge de 18 ans, roi du Cambodge alors sous protectorat français il fait accéder son pays à l’indépendance le 17 octobre 1953 avant d’abdiquer, le 3 mars 1955 au profit de son père pour remplir un rôle politique que la constitution refuse à sa fonction royale. Ayant fondé son propre parti politique, le Sangkum Reastr Niyum, Sihanouk dirige sans partage le royaume du Cambodge, d'abord comme Premier ministre, puis, après la mort de son père, en tant que « chef d'État ». Il fait, pendant la guerre froide, le choix du neutralisme, mais son hostilité envers l'ingérence américaine en Asie du Sud-Est le pousse à se rapprocher de l'URSS et de la Chine, tout en réprimant les communistes cambodgiens. Dirigeant autocratique, il est chassé du pouvoir le 18 mars 1970 par l’aile droite de son mouvement et forme alors un front de résistance avec ses anciens adversaires communistes, les Khmers rouges. Ces derniers prennent le pouvoir le 17 avril 1975 ; Sihanouk, officiellement chef de l’État, est cantonné dans un rôle de pure figuration. Il démissionne le 2 avril 1976 et est alors assigné à résidence tandis que les Khmers rouges massacrent une partie de la population du pays. Le Cambodge est envahi le 25 décembre 1978 par l'armée vietnamienne. Sihanouk, réfugié à l'étranger, prend le 22 juin 1982 la tête d'une coalition contre l'occupation vietnamienne, qui continue à inclure les Khmers rouges. Après des accords de paix, il rentre au Cambodge et partage alors le pouvoir avec les anciens communistes pro-vietnamiens, tandis que les Khmers rouges sont exclus de la transition politique. Redevenu roi le 24 septembre 1993, il abdique le 7 octobre 2004 au profit d'un de ses fils.

Qualifié de « fou génial » par un ancien responsable militaire de l’Indochine française,, ses détracteurs lui reprochent son instabilité alors que ses sympathisants louent sa capacité à retourner des situations qui paraissaient compromises.

Quand il était vénéré comme un dieu-roi, il se faisait appeler Samdech Euv , mais après son abdication, en 2004, il prit le titre officiel de Preah Karuna Preah Moha Virak Ksatr Preah Vorakreach Beida Cheat en khmer, traduit par « roi-père » dans les langues occidentales.

Considéré comme l'un des pères fondateurs de la francophonie, avec le Sénégalais Léopold Sédar Senghor et le Nigérien Hamani Diori, Norodom Sihanouk était également, à ses heures, réalisateur de films. Wikipedia  

✵ 31. octobre 1922 – 15. octobre 2012
Norodom Sihanouk photo
Norodom Sihanouk: 24   citations 0   J'aime

Norodom Sihanouk: Citations en anglais

“From now on, any individual or any political party that opposes My policies will be declared a traitor to the Nation and… punished [accordingly].”

Radio adress (January 13, 1953), as quoted in Philip Short (2004) Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare, page 83.

“I want my country to be independent, always independent. I have to defend my convictions as a patriot and as a national leader. I have done my best, but as a human being I cannot be perfect, nobody is perfect.”

As quoted by David Ablin and Marlowe Hood (March 14, 1985), "The Lesser Evil: An Interview with Norodom Sihanouk" http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1985/mar/14/the-lesser-evil-an-interview-with-norodom-sihanouk/?pagination=false, The New York Review of Books.
Interviews

“There are two injustices which revolt Me! First, that which makes the people believe that those responsible for the [Franco-Khmer] treaty and who continue to have dealings with the French are traitors. Secondly, that which holds that… all who do not openly insult and struggle against the French are traitors… For Myself, I refuse [this logic]… If I am a traitor, let the Crown Council permit Me to abdicate!… I can no longer stand by and watch My country drown and My people die… Over these last few months we have no longer dared look each other in the face. In our offices and schools, everywhere people are discussing politics- suspecting each other; hatching plots; promoting this person, bringing down that one, pushing the third aside; doing no constructive work while, in the country at large, killing, banditry and murder hold sway. Chaos reigns, the established order has ceased to exist… The military and the police… no longer know where their duty lies. The Issaraks are told that they are dying for Cambodia, and so are our soldiers dying in battle against them… Each day threatens [to engulf us in] a veritable civil war… This is how things now stand gentlemen. The time has come for the Nation to make clear whether it desires to follow [the way of the rebels], or to continue in the path that I have traced.”

Speech to the Council of the Throne (June 4, 1952), as quoted in Philip Short (2004) Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare, page 76.
Speeches

“I am asking the U. S. A and Great Britain if, just for once, they will kindly consider the problem of Cambodia from the viewpoint of the Khmers instead of that of the French… My people will tell you: 'We don't know what communist slavery means. But the slavery imposed by the French we know well, for we are now living under it. If we fight alongside the French against the Viet Minh and the Issaraks, we are simply strengthening the chains of that slavery…' [The problem is that] in Indochina, you are either a communist or a lackey of the French: there is no middle course. We are not allowed to hope for an independence like that of India or Pakistan within the British Commonwealth… The question is: Does French military power on its own have any chance of defeating communism in Indochina? To fight without having the autochtonous population on one's side makes no sense… What is at stake in this struggle, and what will determine its outcome, is the [native] population. The Viet Minh have understood that from the start. If we [who oppose communism] wish to have the population with us, we must… make [our country's] independence… real and unquestionable, so that [no one] will listen any more to the Viet Minh propaganda about 'liberation'… This is the whole problem. It is a political matter. It has nothing to do with the science of war… If France does not boldly face up to [this]… then one day, sooner or later, it will be forced to abdicate from Indochina.”

Secret memorandum drafted for the American and British legations (1953), as quoted in Philip Short (2004) Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare, pages 92-93.
Speeches

“Ah, China is a formidable country. An Asian can't help but love China and take pride in it. China doesn't export tanks and men. It exports dignity and respect.”

Said during his exile in Peking, as quoted by Oriana Fallaci (June 1973), Intervista con la Storia (sixth edition, 2011). pages 108-109.
Interviews

“For the first time in my life, I have to grab the monks by the throat. Me! The most religious man in the Kingdom! Because I've had enough- more than enough! My subjects and the elite among my subjects must obey!”

Reaction to two Buddhist orders sympathising with communist rebels (1952), as quoted in Philip Short (2004) Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare, page 84.

“… I hate them. Them and their false democracy, their false liberty, their imperialism conducted in the name of christian civilisation, their coups, like the coup which they started against me…”

On the USA, said during his exile in Peking, as quoted by Oriana Fallaci (June 1973), Intervista con la Storia (sixth edition, 2011). page 112.
Interviews

“I'm not a communist, but I'm not anti-communist either. I'm not afraid of communists, and declare that if a country wants to be communist, it has the right to be so.”

Said during his exile in Peking, as quoted by Oriana Fallaci (June 1973), Intervista con la Storia (sixth edition, 2011).
Interviews

“For God's sake! If I ran a dictatorship, then what is Lon Nol running? I renounced my throne to show the masses that there's no such thing as divine right, that no one descends from the heavens to rule the people.”

Said during his exile in Peking, as quoted by Oriana Fallaci (June 1973), Intervista con la Storia (sixth edition, 2011). page 116.
Interviews

“Everyone knows now that it was Nixon who wanted me liquidated. For a long time, the Americans dreamed of doing to me what they failed to do against Fidel Castro during the Bay of Pigs incident.”

On the USA, said during his exile in Peking, as quoted by Oriana Fallaci (June 1973), Intervista con la Storia (sixth edition, 2011). page 112.
Interviews

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