Allen Newell: Symbol

Allen Newell was American cognitive scientist. Explore interesting quotes on symbol.
Allen Newell: 14   quotes 0   likes

“If you think there is nothing problematic or mysterious about a symbol system solving problems, then you are a child of today, whose views have been formed since mid-century. Plato (and by his account, Socrates) found difficulty understanding even how problems could be entertained, much less how they could be solved. Let me remind you of how he posed the conundrum in the Meno:
And how will you inquire, Socrates, into that which you know not? What will you put forth as the subject of inquiry? And if you find what you want, how will you ever know that this is what you did not know?”

Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), pp. 120-121.

Understanding , Problem , Thinking

“The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis. A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action.”

Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 116. This is also called the Church–Turing thesis.

Intelligence

“Heuristic Search Hypothesis. The solutions to problems are represented as symbol structures. A physical symbol system exercises its intelligence in problem solving by search—that is, by generating and progressively modifying symbol structures until it produces a solution structure.”

Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 120.

Exercises , Search , Intelligence , Problem

“It has been a long road from Plato's Meno to the present, but it is perhaps encouraging that most of the progress along that road has been made since the turn of the twentieth century, and a large fraction of it since the midpoint of the century. Thought was still wholly intangible and ineffable until modern formal logic interpreted it as the manipulation of formal tokens. And it seemed still to inhabit mainly the heaven of Platonic ideals, or the equally obscure spaces of the human mind, until computers taught us how symbols could be processed by machines.”

Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 125.