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William Stanley Jevons angol polgári közgazdász, filozófus. Carl Menger és Léon Walras mellett a határhaszon-elmélet egyik megalkotója. Élesen bírálta a klasszikus polgári közgazdászok, különösen David Ricardo nézeteit.

Az árak és az érték alakulását a szükségletekből igyekezett levezetni, mivel az érték végső okának a hasznosságot tartotta. Szerinte a közgazdaságtannak a javak mennyiségi viszonyait kell kutatnia, ezért szükségszerű a matematikai módszerek alkalmazása, melynek révén kidolgozta a csere matematikai gazdaságtanát. Ezért őt tarthatjuk az elsőnek, aki a differenciál-számítás alapján dolgozta ki a határhaszon-elmélet matematikai változatát. Walrassal együtt őt tartják a matematikai iskola kezdeményezőjének. Tőle származik az árhomogenitás tétele, mely szerint tökéletes verseny esetén egy adott jószág minden egységének ugyanakkora az ára. Statisztikai módszerekkel kereste a konjunktúra ciklusok és a gazdasági válságok okát, amit a napfolt-tevékenységnek a mezőgazdasági termelésre gyakorolt hatásában vélt felfedezni. Statisztikusi kutatásának eredménye egy árindex-formula kidolgozása. Filozófusként is ismert. Wikipedia  

✵ 1. szeptember 1835 – 13. augusztus 1882
William Stanley Jevons fénykép
William Stanley Jevons: 69   idézetek 0   Kedvelés

William Stanley Jevons: Idézetek angolul

“The difficulties of economics are mainly the difficulties of conceiving clearly and fully the conditions of utility.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter III, Theory of Utility, p. 82.

“Over-production is not possible in all branches of industry at once, but it is possible in some as compared to others.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter V, Theory of Labour, p. 172.

“It is clear that economics, if it is to be a science at all, must be a mathematical science.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter I, Introduction, p. 38.

“A spade may be made of any size, and if the same number of strokes be made in the hour, the requisite exertion will vary nearly as the cube of the length of the blade.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter V, Theory of Labour, p. 173.

“I used to think I should like to be a bookbinder or bookseller it seemed to me a most delightful trade and I wished or thought of nothing better. More lately I thought I should be a minister, it seemed so serious and useful a profession, and I entered but little into the merits of religion and the duties of a minister. Every one dissuaded me from the notion, and before I arrived at any age to require a real decision, science had claimed me.”

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William Stanley Jevons

Reflections on his earlier life, written when he was 27 (December 1862), published in Letters and Journal of W. Stanley Jevons (1886), edited by Harriet A. Jevons, his wife, p. 12.

“One pound invested for five years gives the same result as five pounds invested for one year, the product being five pound years.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VII, Theory of Capital, p. 190.

“Thus monopoly is limited by competition, and no owner, whether of labour, land or capital, can, theoretically speaking, obtain a larger share of produce for it than what other owners of exactly the same kind of property are willing to accept.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Preface To The Second Edition, p. 29.
The Theory of Political Economy (1871)

“PLEASURE and pain are undoubtedly the ultimate objects of the calculus of economics. To satisfy our wants to the utmost with the least effort - to procure the greatest amount of what is desirable at the expense of the least that is undesirable - in other words, to maximize pleasure, is the problem of economics.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter III, Theory of Utility, p. 61.

“The whole result of continued labour is not often consumed and enjoyed in a moment; the result generally lasts for a certain length of time. We must then conceive the capital as being progressively uninvested.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VII, Theory of Capital, p. 191.

“An isolated man like Alexander Selkirk might feel the benefit of a stock of provisions, tools and other means of facilitating industry, although cut off from traffic, with other men.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VII, Theory of Capital, p. 185.

“Ina regular and constant employment the greatest result will always be gained by such a rate as allows a workman each day, or each week at the most, to recover all fatigue and recommence with an undiminished store of energy.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter V, Theory of Labour, p. 176.

“I feel quite unable to adopt the opinion that the moment goods pass into the possession of the consumer they cease altogether to have the attributes of capital.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VII, Theory of Capital, p. 209.

“Coal in truth stands not beside, but entirely above, all other commodities. It is the material source of the energy of the country—the universal aid—the factor in everything we do. With coal almost any feat is possible or easy; without it we are thrown back into the laborious poverty of earlier times.”

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William Stanley Jevons könyv The Coal Question

The Coal Question (1865)

“but, in reality, there is no such thing as an exact science.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter I, Introduction, p. 40.

“What capital I give for the spade merely replaces what the manufacturer had already invested in the expectation that the spade would be needed.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VII, Theory of Capital, p. 188.

“All acts of reasoning seem to me to be different cases of one uniform process which may perhaps be best described as the substitution of similars… The chief difficulty consists in showing that all the forms of the old logic, as well as the fundamental rules of mathematical reasoning, may be explained upon the same principle; and it is to this difficult task I have devoted the most attention.”

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William Stanley Jevons

Preface
The Substitution of Similars, The True Principles of Reasoning (1869)

“Some of the gold possessed by the Romans is doubtless mixed with what we now possess; and some small part of it will be handed down as long as the human race exists.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VII, Theory of Capital, p. 198.

“By a commodity we shall understand any object, substance, action or service, which can afford pleasure or ward off pain.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter III, Theory of Utility, p. 61.

“that in the same open market, at any one moment, there cannot be two prices for the same kind of article”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter IV, Theory of Exchange, p. 97.

“Nature is to us like an infinite ballot-box, the contents of which are being continually drawn, ball after ball, and exhibited to us. Science is but the careful observation of the succession in which balls of various character present themselves; we register the combinations, notice those which seem to be excluded from occurrence, and from the proportional frequency of those which usually appear we infer the probable character of future drawings.”

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William Stanley Jevons

Forrás: The Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific Method (1874) Vol. 1, p. 169

“Repeated reflection and inquiry have led me to the somewhat novel opinion, that value depends entirely upon utility.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter I, Introduction, p. 37.

“we often observe that there is abundance of capital to be had at low rates of interest, while there are also large numbers of artisans starving for want of employment.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VIII, Concluding Remarks, p. 215.

“Logic should no longer be considered an elegant and learned accomplishment; it should take its place as an indispensable study for every well-informed person.”

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William Stanley Jevons

Preface.
Elementary Lessons on Logic (1870)

“In this work I have attempted to treat economy as a calculus of pleasure and pain, and have sketched out, almost irrespective of previous opinions, the form which the science, as it seems to me, must ultimately take.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Preface To The First Edition, p. 4.
The Theory of Political Economy (1871)

“We shall never have a science of economics unless we learn to discern the operation of law even among the most perplexing complications and apparent interruptions.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter IV, Theory of Exchange, p. 110.

“Neither in deductive nor inductive reasoning can we add a tittle to our implicit knowledge, which is like that contained in an unread book or a sealed letter. …Reasoning explicates or brings to conscious possession what was before unconscious. It does not create, nor does it destroy, but it transmutes and throws the same matter into a new form.”

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William Stanley Jevons

Forrás: The Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific Method (1874) Vol. 1, p. 136

“[F]acts are valueless unless connected and explained by a correct theory; […] analogies are very dangerous grounds of inference, unless carefully founded on similar conditions; […] experience misleads if it be misinterpreted.”

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William Stanley Jevons

"The Railways and the State." https://archive.org/stream/essaysaddresses00oweniala#page/467/mode/2up In Essays and Addresses, Macmillan & Co., 1874, page 467.

“One of the first and most difficult steps in a science is to conceive clearly the nature of the magnitudes about which we are arguing.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter III, Theory of Utility, p. 78.

“Have we not hereditary possessions in our just laws, our free and nobly developed constitution, our rich literature and philosophy, incomparably above material wealth, and which we are beyond all things bound to maintain, improve, and hand down in safety? And do we accomplish this duty in encouraging a growth of industry which must prove unstable, and perhaps involve all things in its fall?”

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William Stanley Jevons könyv The Coal Question

The Coal Question (1865)

“I protest against deference to any man, whether John Stuart Mill, or Adam Smith, or Aristotle, being allowed to check inquiry. Our science has become far too much a stagnant one, in which opinions rather than experience and reason are appealed to.”

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William Stanley Jevons The Theory of Political Economy

Forrás: The Theory of Political Economy (1871), Chapter VIII : Concluding Remarks, The Noxious Influence of Authority, p. 221.