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Robin George Collingwood citations

Robin George Collingwood est un philosophe et historien britannique, fils de W.G. Collingwood. Collingwood fut un dernier membre de l'école idéaliste , professeur de philosophie métaphysique à l'université d'Oxford. Il fut le seul des élèves de F.J. Haverfield à survivre à la Première Guerre mondiale. Parmi les philosophes qui exercèrent une influence notable sur lui, on peut citer les idéalistes italiens, Croce, Gentile et de Ruggiero – ce dernier était l'un de ses proches amis – mais aussi Kant, Vico, F.H. Bradley, J.A. Smith et Ruskin – un des mentors de son père W.G. Collingwood, professeur de beaux-arts à l'université de Reading.

Collingwood est surtout connu pour son ouvrage Le Concept d'histoire, recueil issu de diverses sources compilé par un de ses élèves, T.M. Knox. Dans le monde anglophone, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, cet ouvrage a influencé considérablement la philosophie analytique de l'histoire. Il est cité à de très nombreuses reprises dans les travaux d'historiographie. Pour Louis Mink[Qui ?], Collingwood fait partie de ces penseurs du XXe siècle que tout le monde connaît mais que personne n'étudie en profondeur.

Dans le domaine de l'esthétique, Collingwood défend l'idée selon laquelle le langage et l'art sont identiques. Sa principale contribution dans ce domaine est son livre Les Principes de l'art. Sa pensée y est assez proche de celle de Croce. Il présente l'art comme une fonction nécessaire de l'esprit humain, et le considère comme « collaboratif », c'est-à-dire comme une activité collective et sociale. En politique, Collingwood était plutôt libéral , prêt à défendre une image un peu idéalisée de la pratique du libéralisme au XIXe siècle.

Collingwood était un historien compétent, et l'une des sommités de son temps en archéologie de l'Angleterre à l'époque romaine. À l'université d'Oxford, il avait refusé de choisir entre l'histoire et la philosophie, et avait obtenu des titres universitaires dans ces deux disciplines. Sa philosophie de l'histoire était indissociable de ses recherches historiques, et son ouvrage Roman Britain renseigne aussi sur sa philosophie de l'histoire.

Il a également publié The First Mate's Log, le récit d'un voyage en Méditerranée effectué avec quelques-uns de ses élèves.

✵ 22. février 1889 – 9. janvier 1943  •  Autres noms R.G. Collingwood
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Robin George Collingwood: 16 citations0 J'aime

Robin George Collingwood: Citations en anglais

“Lastly, what is history for? This is perhaps a harder question than the others; a man who answers it will have to reflect rather more widely than a man who answers the three we have answered already. He must reflect not only on historical thinking but on other things as well, because to say that something is `for' something implies a distinction between A and B, where A is good for something and B is that for which something is good. But I will suggest an answer, and express the opinion that no historian would reject it, although the further questions to which it gives rise are numerous and difficult.
My answer is that history is `for' human self-knowledge. It is generally thought to be of importance to man that he should know himself: where knowing himself means knowing not his merely personal peculiarities, the things that distinguish him from other men, but his nature as man. Knowing yourself means knowing, first, what it is to be a man; secondly, knowing what it is to be the kind of man you are; and thirdly, knowing what it is to be the man you are and nobody else is. Knowing yourself means knowing what you can do; and since nobody knows what he can do until he tries, the only clue to what man can do is what man has done. The value of history, then, is that it teaches us what man has done and thus what man is.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: The Idea of History (1946), p. 10

“The word art has in ordinary usage three senses. First, it means the creation of objects or the pursuit of activities called works of art, by people called artists; these works being distinguished from other objects and acts not merely as human products, but as products intended to be beautiful. Secondly, it means the creation of objects or the pursuit of activities called artificial as opposed to natural; that is to say objects created or activities pursued by human beings consciously free to control their natural impulses and to organize their life in a plan. Thirdly, it means that frame of mind which we call artistic, the frame of mind in which we are aware of beauty.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: Outlines of a Philosophy of Art, 1925, p. 7

“Time, as succession of past, present and future, really has its being totum simul for the thought of a spectator, and this justifies its ‘spatialized’ presentation as a line of which we can see the whole at once.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: "Some Perplexities about time: with an attempted solution" (1925), p. 150

“a) The definition of history? Every historian would agree, I think, that history is a kind of research or inquiry. What kind of inquiry it is I do not yet ask. The point is that generically it belongs to what we call the sciences: that is, the forms of thought whereby we ask questions and try to answer them. Science in general, it is important to realize, does not consist in collecting what we already know and arranging it in this or that kind of pattern. It consists in fastening upon something we do not know, and trying to discover it. Playing patience with things we already know may be a useful means towards this end, but it is not the end itself. It is at best only the means. It is scientifically valuable only in so far as the new arrangement gives us the answer to a question we have already decided to ask. That is why all science begins from the knowledge of our own ignorance: not our ignorance of everything, but our ignorance of some definite thing-the origin of parliament, the cause of cancer, the chemical composition of the sun, the way to make a pump work without muscular exertion on the part of a man or a horse or some other docile animal. Science is finding things out: and in that sense history is a science.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: The Idea of History (1946), p. 9

“The essence of this conception is.. the idea of a community as governing itself by fostering the free expression of all political opinions that take shape within it, and finding some means of reducing this multiplicity of opinions to a unity.”

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R. G. Collingwood

R. G. Collingwood (2005). "Man Goes Mad" in The Philosophy of Enchantment. Oxford University Press, 318.

“I have already said that a thing which 'exists in a person's head' and nowhere else is alternatively called an imaginary thing. The actual making of the tune is therefore alternatively called the making of an imaginary tune. This is a case of creation, just as much as the making of a plan or a disturbance, and for the same reasons, which it would be tedious to repeat. Hence the making of a tune is an instance of imaginative creation. The same applies to the making of a poem, or a picture, or any other work of art.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: The Principles of Art (1938), p. 134

“The general conception here maintained is not new; it is one already familiar from the works of Coleridge, Croce and many others; it is the view that art is at bottom neither more nor less than imagination.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: Outlines of a Philosophy of Art, 1925, p. 3

“The real is the present, conceived not as a mathematical point between the present and the past, but as the union of present and past in a duration or permanence that is at the same time change. Thus the past as past and the future as future do not exist at all, but are purely ideal; the past as living in the present and the future as germinating in the present are wholly real and indeed are just the present itself. It is because of the presence of these two elements in the present… that the present is a concrete and changing reality and not an empty mathematical point.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: "Some Perplexities about time: with an attempted solution" (1925), p. 149. as cited in: Jonathan Gorman, "The transmission of our understanding of historical time." Historia Social y de la Educación 1.2 (2012): 129-152.

“In actual history, events overlap; you cannot, except by a confessed fiction, state the point at which the event called the Middle Ages ends and the event called the Modern Period begins.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: Outlines of a Philosophy of Art, 1925, p. 41

“For I do not think of aesthetic theory as an attempt to investigate and expound eternal verities concerning the nature of an eternal object called Art, but as an attempt to reach, by thinking, the solution of certain problems arising out of the situation in which artists find themselves here and now. Everything written in this book has been written in the belief that is has a practical bearing, direct or indirect, upon the condition of art in England in 1937, and in the hope that artists primarily, and secondarily persons whose interest in art is lively and sympathetic, will find something of use to them.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: The Principles of Art (1938), p. vi

“The ideal and the real are not mutually exclusive. A thing may be ideal and also real.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: "Some Perplexities about time: with an attempted solution" (1925), p. 150

“If it is asked why Socrates permits certain forms of art to be retained in the ideal state instead of consistently banishing all alike, the answer is surely obvious: these are, in the opinion of Socrates, the forms which art will take in the hands of men who understand its true nature.”

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R. G. Collingwood

R. G. Collingwood (1925). "Plato’s philosophy of art." In: Mind. Vaduz, vol. XXXIV, pp.156-7

“One of Collingwood's earliest attempts to define the aesthetic essence of art. His aim, he writes in the preface, is to state a general conception of art and develop its consequences. His conception is one already familiar through the writings of others -- "that art is as bottom neither more nor less than imagination" -- but from his observation he goes on to outline the various distinctions between subordinate conceptions of art, and to attempt to demonstrate their place in the general conception, and the place of both in life. He urges that the meaningfulness of art cannot be torn from the imaginative setting in which it is embedded, and that we must attempt to explain the process by which an artist reaches a particular point of view on reality.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Abstract
Outlines of a Philosophy of Art, 1925

“We can now return to the distinction between language and symbolism. A symbol is language and yet not language. A mathematical or logical or any other kind of symbol is invented to serve a purpose purely scientific; it is supposed to have no emotional expressiveness whatever. But when once a particular symbolism has been taken into use and mastered, it reacquires the emotional expressiveness of language proper. Every mathematician knows this. At the same time, the emotions which mathematicians find expressed in their symbols are not emotions in general, they are the peculiar emotions belonging to mathematical thinking.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: The Principles of Art (1938), p. 268

“Language in its original imaginative form maybe said to have expressiveness, but no meaning. About such language we cannot distinguish between what the speaker says and what he means… Language in its intellectualized form has both expressiveness and meaning. As language, it expressed a certain emotion. As symbolism, it refers beyond that emotion to the thought whose emotional charge it is… The progressive intellectualization of language, its progressive conversion by the work of grammar and logic into a scientific symbolism, thus represents not a progressive drying-up of emotion, but its progressive articulation and specialization. We are not getting away from an emotional atmosphere into a dry, rational atmosphere; we are acquiring new emotions and new means of expressing them.”

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R. G. Collingwood

Source: The Principles of Art (1938), p. 269

“The chief business of seventeenth-century philosophy was to reckon with seventeenth-century science… the chief business of twentieth-century philosophy is to reckon with twentieth-century history.”

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R. G. Collingwood

R. G. Collingwood (1937), as cited in: Patrick Suppes (1973), Logic, methodology and philosophy of science: Proceedings.

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