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Muhammad Khalji citations

Ikhtiyar-ud-Din Muhammad ibn Bakhtiyar Khalji , est un général ghuride, lieutenant de Qûtb ud-Dîn Aibak, conquérant du Bihar et du Bengale, à l'origine de la dynastie Khaldji qui règne sur le sultanat de Delhi entre 1290 et 1320.

Selon l'historien persan Minhaj-i-Siraj , c'est un homme « impétueux, entreprenant, courageux, audacieux, sagace et expert dans l'art de la guerre ». Natif de Balkh, il est issu de la tribu turque des Khaldji, dont il dirige les troupes qui participent à la conquête de l'Inde par Muhammad Ghûrî. En 1193 il occupe le Bihar, donnant le coup de grâce aux communautés bouddhiques, notamment après le sac par son armée des monastères de Nâlandâ et de Vikramaśīla . Il reçoit les honneurs de Muhammad Ghûrî, puis de Qûtb ud-Dîn Aibak, ainsi que de nombreux présents qu'il redistribue à ses hommes. En 1202-1204, il envahit l'ouest du Bengale. Il chasse la dynastie Sena de sa capitale Nadiya et installe la sienne à Lakhnauti. Il meurt en 1206 au cours d'une expédition désastreuse au Tibet. Wikipedia  

✵ ?? – 1206
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Muhammad Khalji: Citations en anglais

“The fame of his bravery and news of his plundering raids spread abroad, attracting to his standard a body of Khalji warriors then found hanging about all over Hindustan. His exploits were reported to Qutbuddin Aibak, who sent him a robe of honour and appointed him to invade Bihar as the Sultan’s general in 1202 C. E.15 Ikhtiyaruddin Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered extensively in Bihar and Bengal but then died unhonoured and unsung.”

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Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji

Lal, K. S. (1994). Muslim slave system in medieval India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 4

“Khalji’s military exploits in the east also resulted in conversions to Islam. About the end of the twelfth or the beginning of the thirteenth century, he marched into Bihar and attacked the University centres of Nalanda, Vikramshila and Uddandapur, erecting a fortress at the site of Uddandapur or Odantapuri. The Buddhist monks in these places were massacred and the common people, deprived of their priests and teachers, turned some to Brahmanism and some to Islam. Buddhism did not die out immediately or completely in Bihar. But Bakhtiyar’s raid on Bihar did deliver a shattering blow to Buddhism and its lost followers were gained mainly by Islam.”

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Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji

Lal, K. S. (2012). Indian muslims: Who are they.

“Muhammad Bakhtiyar sweeping the town with the broom of devastation, completely demolished it, and making anew the city of Lakhnauti… his metropolis, ruled over Bengal… and strove to put in practice the ordinances of the Muhammadan religion… and for a period ruling over Bengal he engaged in demolishing the temples and building mosques.”

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Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji

Ikhtiyãru’d-Dîn Muhammad Bakhtiyãr Khaljî (AD 1202-1206) Lakhnauti (Bengal) Riyãzu’s-Salãtîn: Riyuz-us-Salatin, translated into English by Abdus Salam, Delhi Reprint, 1976, pp. 63-64.

“In short, Muhammad Bakhtiyar assumed the canopy, and had prayers read, and coin struck in his own name and founded mosques and Khãnkahs and colleges, in place of the temples of the heathens.”

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Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji

About Ikhtiyãru’d-Dîn Muhammad Bakhtiyãr Khaljî (AD 1202-1206) Bengal The Tabqãt-i-Akbarî translated by B. De, Calcutta, 1973, Vol. I, p. 51. Tabqãt-i-Akharî by Nizamuddin Ahmad.