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Allen Newell citations

Allen Newell, né le 19 mars 1927, mort le 19 juillet 1992 , était un chercheur en informatique et psychologie cognitive à la compagnie RAND Corporation et à l'école d'informatique de l'université Carnegie-Mellon. Il a contribué à la création du langage IPL en 1956 et à l'écriture de deux des premiers programmes en IA, le Logic Theory Machine et le General Problem Solver .

SOAR est une tentative de réaliser quelques-unes des considérations de Newell qui désirait une théorie unifiée de la connaissance, baptisée, « You can't play twenty questions with nature and win » . Il existe d'autres architectures cognitives du même genre, notamment celle du psychologue cognitiviste John R. Anderson, la théorie ACT-R, laquelle est devenue une théorie unifiée populaire, utilisée aujourd'hui avec succès par les scientifiques cognitifs pour modéliser le comportement humain dans un large champ d'activité.

Il remporta le prix Turing de l'ACM avec Herbert Simon en 1975 pour leurs efforts collectifs sur plus de 20 ans, initialement en collaboration avec J. C. Shaw et la compagnie RAND, puis après avec de nombreux collègues et étudiants de l'université Carnegie-Mellon, pour leurs contributions à la base de l'intelligence artificielle, la psychologie de la pensée , et la manipulation des listes. Wikipedia  

✵ 19. mars 1927 – 19. juillet 1992
Allen Newell: 7   citations 0   J'aime

Allen Newell: Citations en anglais

“If you think there is nothing problematic or mysterious about a symbol system solving problems, then you are a child of today, whose views have been formed since mid-century. Plato (and by his account, Socrates) found difficulty understanding even how problems could be entertained, much less how they could be solved. Let me remind you of how he posed the conundrum in the Meno:
And how will you inquire, Socrates, into that which you know not? What will you put forth as the subject of inquiry? And if you find what you want, how will you ever know that this is what you did not know?”

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Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), pp. 120-121.

“The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis. A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action.”

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Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 116. This is also called the Church–Turing thesis.

“Computer science is an empirical discipline. […] Each new machine that is built is an experiment. Actually constructing the machine poses a question to nature; and we listen for the answer by observing the machine in operation and analyzing it by all analytical and measurement means available. Each new program that is built is an experiment. It poses a question to nature, and its behavior offers clues to an answer.”

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Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 114.

“[The] amount of search is not a measure of the amount of intelligence being exhibited. What makes a problem a problem is not that a large amount of search is required for its solution, but that a large amount would be required if a requisite level of intelligence were not applied.”

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Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 122.

“Heuristic Search Hypothesis. The solutions to problems are represented as symbol structures. A physical symbol system exercises its intelligence in problem solving by search—that is, by generating and progressively modifying symbol structures until it produces a solution structure.”

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Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 120.

“With the hubris common to physicists, I have always felt that I have known what good science is — it is theory cast in terms of mechanisms that describe how parts of the universe behave. With sometimes immense historical delay, these mechanisms always move towards being grounded in the larger mechanistic view of the universe. Theories always propose a view of how the universe is. They can never be effectively argued to be true, but only be brought before the bar of empirical evidence. All the modern concern for contextualism, hermeneutics and the social determination of meaning has its point, but is a mere footnote to the massive evidence for this view of science. The overwhelming success within this framework of modern biology over the last half century has provided another major confirmation, if one is needed. Someday we will get another striking confirmation from cognitive science. Though it can be argued that we are well on our way, we still have an immense distance to go. Arguments are no match for the evidence that cognitive science does not control its subject the way physics, chemistry and now biology do.”

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Allen Newell

Draft of an introduction to the Mind Matters Symposium http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/mindmatters.html, 26 May 1992, Carnegie Mellon University Archives http://diva.library.cmu.edu/Newell/biography.html

“It has been a long road from Plato's Meno to the present, but it is perhaps encouraging that most of the progress along that road has been made since the turn of the twentieth century, and a large fraction of it since the midpoint of the century. Thought was still wholly intangible and ineffable until modern formal logic interpreted it as the manipulation of formal tokens. And it seemed still to inhabit mainly the heaven of Platonic ideals, or the equally obscure spaces of the human mind, until computers taught us how symbols could be processed by machines.”

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Allen Newell

Source: Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1975), p. 125.